Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is NOT part of the diagnostic approach for skin conditions?
Which factor is NOT part of the diagnostic approach for skin conditions?
What type of alopecia is indicated if primary hairs are lost but some secondary hairs remain?
What type of alopecia is indicated if primary hairs are lost but some secondary hairs remain?
What aspect of an animal's history should NOT be considered during diagnosis?
What aspect of an animal's history should NOT be considered during diagnosis?
Which of the following describes a dermatological examination element?
Which of the following describes a dermatological examination element?
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In which situation would you expect to see skin that appears normal but has true alopecia?
In which situation would you expect to see skin that appears normal but has true alopecia?
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What is the main characteristic of the anagen phase of hair growth?
What is the main characteristic of the anagen phase of hair growth?
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Which of the following conditions is an example of congenital hypotrichosis?
Which of the following conditions is an example of congenital hypotrichosis?
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What describes follicle dysplasia?
What describes follicle dysplasia?
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Which statement about hair loss in alopecia is accurate?
Which statement about hair loss in alopecia is accurate?
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What is a characteristic of Canine Ectodermal Dysplasia?
What is a characteristic of Canine Ectodermal Dysplasia?
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What might occur during the late catagen phase?
What might occur during the late catagen phase?
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Which type of alopecia is associated with abnormalities of the hair shaft?
Which type of alopecia is associated with abnormalities of the hair shaft?
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What can cause alopecia through abnormal follicle cycles?
What can cause alopecia through abnormal follicle cycles?
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What primary causes are identified for hair loss in pets?
What primary causes are identified for hair loss in pets?
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Which of the following treatments are suggested for improving skin conditions related to alopecia?
Which of the following treatments are suggested for improving skin conditions related to alopecia?
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What should be avoided to prevent drug-triggered alopecia?
What should be avoided to prevent drug-triggered alopecia?
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What can be a consequence of severe damage to hair follicles?
What can be a consequence of severe damage to hair follicles?
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What role does prognosis play in the treatment of alopecia?
What role does prognosis play in the treatment of alopecia?
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Which of the following is a common non-aesthetic effect of alopecia?
Which of the following is a common non-aesthetic effect of alopecia?
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In managing hair loss, what aspect of husbandry should be evaluated?
In managing hair loss, what aspect of husbandry should be evaluated?
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Which method is NOT recommended for treating underlying allergies related to hair loss?
Which method is NOT recommended for treating underlying allergies related to hair loss?
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What is a characteristic feature of hair regrowth in dogs after treatment?
What is a characteristic feature of hair regrowth in dogs after treatment?
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What type of skin condition is NOTIFIABLE in ectoparasites?
What type of skin condition is NOTIFIABLE in ectoparasites?
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Which condition is characterized by hair loss and skin damage due to stress-related behaviors in cats?
Which condition is characterized by hair loss and skin damage due to stress-related behaviors in cats?
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What is a common treatment for resistant cases of hair loss that do not respond spontaneously?
What is a common treatment for resistant cases of hair loss that do not respond spontaneously?
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What is not a potential cause of loss of existing hair?
What is not a potential cause of loss of existing hair?
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Which behavior can lead to loss of hair in rabbits?
Which behavior can lead to loss of hair in rabbits?
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What medication may be used in severe cases of feline psychogenic alopecia?
What medication may be used in severe cases of feline psychogenic alopecia?
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What is the nature of regrowth after hair loss in dogs?
What is the nature of regrowth after hair loss in dogs?
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What appears shiny and may indicate the presence of a pancreatic tumor?
What appears shiny and may indicate the presence of a pancreatic tumor?
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Which condition is indicated by scaling and crusts on the skin?
Which condition is indicated by scaling and crusts on the skin?
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What kind of hair findings suggest a cyclical disruption in hair growth?
What kind of hair findings suggest a cyclical disruption in hair growth?
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Which laboratory test is considered the most useful in diagnosing alopecia?
Which laboratory test is considered the most useful in diagnosing alopecia?
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What should be the first step in the treatment of alopecia?
What should be the first step in the treatment of alopecia?
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What does the presence of hyphae and spores indicate in a trichography test?
What does the presence of hyphae and spores indicate in a trichography test?
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Which testing method involves assessing the skin for fungal infections?
Which testing method involves assessing the skin for fungal infections?
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Which condition mainly presents as an aesthetic issue and may require acceptance as treatment?
Which condition mainly presents as an aesthetic issue and may require acceptance as treatment?
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Which breed is NOT typically associated with colour dilution alopecia?
Which breed is NOT typically associated with colour dilution alopecia?
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What is the main characteristic of cyclical follicular dysplasia?
What is the main characteristic of cyclical follicular dysplasia?
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What hormone may help in treating cyclical follicular dysplasia?
What hormone may help in treating cyclical follicular dysplasia?
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What condition results from hormonal imbalances leading to hair cycle arrest?
What condition results from hormonal imbalances leading to hair cycle arrest?
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What cause is typically associated with telogen effluvium?
What cause is typically associated with telogen effluvium?
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In which breeds is atrophic follicular pattern baldness more common?
In which breeds is atrophic follicular pattern baldness more common?
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Which hormone's imbalance is not typically implicated in endocrine-related hair loss?
Which hormone's imbalance is not typically implicated in endocrine-related hair loss?
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What is the main cause of immune-mediated diseases affecting hair follicles?
What is the main cause of immune-mediated diseases affecting hair follicles?
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Which type of alopecia often occurs in young to middle-aged dogs with specific breeds affected?
Which type of alopecia often occurs in young to middle-aged dogs with specific breeds affected?
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What is a significant characteristic of telogen follicles in an abnormal cycle?
What is a significant characteristic of telogen follicles in an abnormal cycle?
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Which systemic disease is most likely to interrupt the hair growth cycle?
Which systemic disease is most likely to interrupt the hair growth cycle?
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What skin condition can result from infection of hair follicles?
What skin condition can result from infection of hair follicles?
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What type of skin response may occur with drug reactions related to hair loss?
What type of skin response may occur with drug reactions related to hair loss?
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What characteristic is unique to idiopathic bald thigh syndrome in dogs?
What characteristic is unique to idiopathic bald thigh syndrome in dogs?
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Study Notes
Approach to Alopecia
- Alopecia is defined as a lack of hair in normally haired areas.
- Alopecia can be generalised, multifocal, or localised.
- The hair growth cycle is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
- Intrinsic factors involve cellular processes within the follicle.
- Extrinsic factors include:
- Environment (photoperiod, temperature)
- Hormones (melatonin, prolactin, sex hormones, thyroxine, glucocorticoids, growth hormone)
- Nutrition
- General health
- Genetic factors
- Hair continuously grows and sheds in a mosaic pattern.
- The hair cycle includes anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (resting) phases.
- Different types of hair follicles exist, such as simple and compound, and primary and secondary hairs.
- Horses have only simple follicles and primary hairs, while dogs and cats have both simple and compound follicles and primary and secondary hairs.
- Pathogenesis of Alopecia can be categorized into two possibilities, either failure of follicle growth or loss of existing hair
- Failure of hair follicle to grow may include: lack of follicles, follicle dysplasia, abnormal follicle cycle, and damage to follicles.
- Examples for the lack of follicles include congenital hypotrichosis, alopecia universalis, and hereditary hypotrichosis, such as in the sphinx cat, Devon Rex, and Chinese Crested Dog breeds.
- Follicle dysplasia includes various types, some breed-related, and can be linked to coat coloring, with structural abnormalities in the follicle and can occur early or later in life as these follicles atrophy
- Examples of canine follicilar dysplasias include structural follicle dysplasia, follicular lipidosis, colour dilution alopecia, and cyclical follicular dysplasia.
- Possible causes for damage of follicles include infection, immune-mediated disease, neoplasia (occult sarcoids in horses), trauma, and tail gland hyperplasia.
- Infections could be bacterial (e.g. dermatphilus congolensis, mud fever), fungal (ringworm), mites (e.g., demodecosis).
- Specific to sighthound breeds, idiopathic bald thigh syndrome
- Loss of existing hair may include: hair falling out of follicles and breaking of hair. This may include allergies (atopic or food hypersensitivity; contact dermatitis, sweet itch; bacterial, fungal, infestations (fleas, mites, scabies), pruritus, self-mutilation (psychiatric issues including pain related licking, in cats and rabbits, etc.), or extraneous mutilation (e.g., barbering of companions, feather pecking in hens, trauma, dermatophytosis).
- Failure of hair follicle to grow may include: lack of follicles, follicle dysplasia, abnormal follicle cycle, and damage to follicles.
Lesion Distribution
- Lesion distribution can be focal (damaged follicles), symmetrical, multifocal, or generalised.
- Distribution patterns and characteristics aid in diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Approach
- A diagnostic approach must involve a systematic minimum database, including:
- Signalment
- History
- Physical examination
- Dermatological examination
- Laboratory tests (e.g., trichograms, skin scrapes, biopsy, hormone assays, etc.)
- Diagnostic methods consider issues like the presence of broken hairs, abnormal hair-follicle cycle, possible parasitic or infectious causes, allergies, various types of pain, or self-mutilation.
- Identifying the primary cause is fundamental to treatment.
Treatment Approach
- Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause.
- Treatment may focus on:
- Treating the underlying cause
- Managing secondary complications
- Often in some cases, the alopecia issue may need only to be addressed aesthetically. Specific treatment may address the primary cause involving abnormal follicle cycle, damage to follicles, or loss of existing hair.
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Description
This quiz explores the understanding of alopecia, including its types, hair growth cycle, and factors that influence hair loss. Learn about intrinsic and extrinsic elements affecting hair follicles and how different species manifest hair growth patterns. Test your knowledge on the pathogenesis of alopecia and related symptoms.
