Applied Economics - Market Structures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to Republic Act 8293, can the government hold copyright for its work?

  • No, the government cannot hold copyright for any of its work.
  • Yes, the government automatically holds the copyright.
  • No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines (correct)
  • The government can only hold copyright with the author's permission.

Borrowed materials included in a module are owned by the publisher and authors of the module.

False (B)

What condition may a government agency impose for the exploitation of its work for profit?

the payment of royalties

Prior approval from the government agency is necessary for exploitation of work for ______.

<p>profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles with the person in the Senior HS Module Development Team:

<p>Author = Raynie E.Navarro Language Editor = Janina Mae V.Malibiran Content Evaluator = Charina A.Morales, EdD Illustrator = Raynie E.Navarro</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the Schools Division Superintendent?

<p>Romeo M.Alip, PhD, CESO V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leonor Magtolis Briones is the Undersecretary of the Department of Education.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for Senior HS?

<p>Danilo S.Caysido (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of monopolistic competition?

<p>Numerous small firms compete, selling similar but differentiated products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a monopolistically competitive market, firms are price takers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three factors that firms use to differentiate their products in a monopolistically competitive market.

<p>Style, brand name, location, packaging, advertisement, and pricing strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In monopolistic competition, there is easy ________ and ________ into the market.

<p>entry/exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following companies with their respective industry in a Monopolistic Competition market:

<p>Cap'n Crunch = Breakfast Cereals McDonald's = Fast Food Nike = Athletic Footwear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives firms in a monopolistically competitive market the power to charge higher prices?

<p>Product differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a monopolistically competitive market, consumers have no preference for one product over another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of firms in a monopolistically competitive market?

<p>Maximize profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market structure is characterized by many sellers offering identical products?

<p>Perfect Competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?

<p>Few barriers to entry and exit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly competitive market, individual sellers have the ability to set prices above the market equilibrium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a perfectly competitive market, individual producers can significantly influence the market price.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the milk tea shop example, why can't sellers individually raise their prices without losing customers?

<p>because consumers will tend to buy on other stalls since they are also selling the same item at a cheaper price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A market structure where producers offer products that are distinguished from each other but not perfect substitutes is called ______ competition.

<p>monopolistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge do both producers and consumers possess in a perfectly competitive market?

<p>perfect knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the market structure with its description:

<p>Perfect Competition = Many sellers, identical products Monopolistic Competition = Many sellers, differentiated products Monopoly = Single seller Oligopoly = Few sellers</p> Signup and view all the answers

In perfectly competitive markets, companies manufacture ______ products that are not branded.

<p>identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in a perfectly competitive market:

<p>Profit Maximization = Goal of producers Utility Maximization = Goal of consumers Uniform Prices = Prices depend on market demand and supply Easy entry and exit = Few barriers exist for new firms or firms leaving the market</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cynthia and Vilma opening similar milk tea shops with different styles and packaging is an example of:

<p>Monopolistic Competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best describes a perfectly competitive market?

<p>Several farmers sell nearly identical corn at the same price. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Edward owning the only pizza shop in town and reducing production to increase prices is an example of perfect competition.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of perfect competition?

<p>Many buyers and sellers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk-taking is very important for the entrepreneur in a perfectly competitive market.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines prices in a perfectly competitive market?

<p>demand and supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following industries is an example of an oligopoly?

<p>Automobile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an oligopoly, firms are price takers, meaning they have no control over the prices of their products.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to entry in an oligopoly market?

<p>High barriers to entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ________ is a market structure dominated by a few firms supplying similar or differentiated products.

<p>oligopoly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic with the market struture:

<p>Many producers, same products and prices = Perfect Competition Few companies, control over price = Oligopoly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of entrepreneurs in an oligopoly?

<p>To maximize profits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In perfect competition, an individual seller can easily increase the price of their product without losing customers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way a new business might try to attract customers in an oligopoly market?

<p>Setting prices lower than competitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What market structure is characterized by many companies selling similar products that can substitute each other?

<p>Perfect competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a monopolistic competition, consumers cannot prefer one product over another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a market structure where several companies sell slightly different products?

<p>Monopolistic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a market structure dominated by a single seller, this is known as a _____ market.

<p>monopoly</p> Signup and view all the answers

In oligopolies, market participants are classified as price:

<p>Both (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Perfect competition = Many buyers and sellers with identical products Monopoly = Single seller in a market Monopolistic competition = Differentiated products from different sellers Oligopoly = A market dominated by a few large sellers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oligopolies consist of many small firms each with equal market power.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the emergence of oligopolies?

<p>High barriers to entry and exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Market Structures

Different organizational forms in which businesses operate.

Perfect Competition

A market structure with many firms and identical products.

Monopoly

A market structure where a single firm dominates the market.

Oligopoly

A market structure with a few large firms controlling the market.

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Monopolistic Competition

A market structure with many firms that sell similar but differentiated products.

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Barriers to Entry

Obstacles that make it difficult for new firms to enter a market.

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Market Power

The ability of a firm to influence the price of its product.

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Economic Efficiency

A situation where resources are allocated in a way that maximizes output.

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Oligopoly Characteristics

Market structure with few firms and price control.

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Price Setter

Firms in an oligopoly can set their prices due to limited competition.

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Product Differentiation

Oligopoly firms may offer similar but different products.

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Profit Maximization

Entrepreneurs in oligopolies aim to maximize profits through strategies.

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Market Domination

A few firms can control a market’s supply and prices.

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Competing Firms

Firms within an oligopoly compete on pricing and quality to attract customers.

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Example Industries

Industries often classified as oligopolies include automobiles and steel.

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Differentiated Products

Products that are similar but have unique features or branding.

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Easy Entry and Exit

Low barriers for firms to start or leave the market.

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Consumer Preference

When consumers favor one product over another.

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Marketing Basis

The core strategies used by firms to promote their differentiated products.

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Uniform Prices

Prices that are the same for identical products due to market forces.

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Perfect Knowledge

Both producers and consumers have full access to relevant market information.

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No Barriers to Entry

Low or no restrictions for new producers to enter the market.

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Identical Products

Products that are the same in features, quality, and price.

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Utility Maximization

Consumers make choices to get the highest satisfaction from purchases.

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Free Exit and Entry

Producers can easily leave or join the market without significant cost.

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Market Price

The current price at which a product can be bought or sold in a market.

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Substitutes

Products that can replace each other, satisfying similar consumer needs.

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Price Control

The ability of a seller to influence the price of a product in the market.

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Brand Trust

Consumer confidence in a brand based on perceptions of quality and reliability.

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Market Interaction

The process where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.

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Market Structure Control

The degree to which a market can influence prices.

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High Barriers to Entry

Conditions that prevent new firms from entering a market easily.

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Price Setters vs. Takers

In oligopolies, firms can set prices rather than accept them.

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Substitutable Products

Products that can replace each other due to similar features.

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Monopolistic Competition Definition

A market structure where sellers offer slightly different versions of a product.

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Consumer Preferences in Competition

In monopolistic competition, consumers may prefer one product over another.

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Identical Products Market

A market where multiple companies sell the same type of product without branding.

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Study Notes

Applied Economics - Various Market Structures

  • This module covers different market structures, including monopoly, monopolistic competition, perfect competition, and oligopoly.
  • A market is a place where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.
  • Market structures are crucial for analyzing business environments and strategic decision-making, which encompass both economic and marketing perspectives.
  • Key aspects of market structures include the relationship between sellers and buyers, product differentiation, the number of companies, ease of market entry/exit, market shares of large firms, customer loyalty, and the impact of advertising and marketing.
  • Monopoly: A single seller controls the entire market for a specific product with no close substitutes. Barriers to entry and exit are high.
    • Reasons for monopolies: ownership of essential resources; economies of scale; government regulations (e.g., patents, copyrights).
  • Monopolistic Competition: Many sellers offer similar but distinct products. Products may differ in branding, style, features, location, or price. There is relatively easy entry/exit for firms.
    • Examples: breakfast cereals, restaurants, clothing brands.
  • Perfect Competition: Many sellers offer identical, standardized products. They can easily enter/exit the market. There are no significant barriers and perfect knowledge.
    • Examples: agricultural markets, certain commodities.
  • Oligopoly: A small number of large firms dominate the market for similar products or services. Entry is difficult due to high barriers. Firms are interdependent: one firm's actions significantly impact other firms.
    • Examples: automobiles, mobile phone services, gas.

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