Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the general formula for alkanes?

  • CnH2n
  • CnH2n-2
  • CnH2n+2 (correct)
  • C6H6

Benzene is an example of an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.

True (A)

What is the name of the process used to prepare benzene from phenol?

Distillation

The IUPAC name for a compound with the formula CnH2n-2 is _____

<p>alkyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following compounds with their IUPAC classification:

<p>C6H6 = Benzene C2H2 = Alkyne C2H4 = Alkene C5H12 = Alkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should substituents be numbered on a tri-substituted benzene compound?

<p>To give the lowest possible numbers around the ring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Di-substituted benzene derivatives should always have the substituents listed in alphabetical order.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction type involved in the nitration of benzene?

<p>Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkenes have the general formula _____

<p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to prepare benzene from alkane?

<p>Dehydrocyclization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acyclic vs. Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Acyclic hydrocarbons are chains of carbon atoms that do not form a ring structure, while cyclic hydrocarbons contain at least one ring of carbon atoms.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2.

Alkenes

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n.

Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Their general formula is CnH2n-2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Substituted Saturated Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Substituted saturated cyclic hydrocarbons: These are cyclic hydrocarbons with single bonds, where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by other functional groups like -OH, -CHO, -COOH, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unsaturated Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons: These are cyclic hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds present in the ring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are cyclic hydrocarbons with a special type of stability due to delocalized electrons, often containing a benzene ring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzene is a six-carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds, resulting in a delocalized electron system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mono-substituted benzene derivatives

To name mono-substituted benzene derivatives, the substituent group name is added in front of 'benzene'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Di-substituted benzene derivatives

Di-substituted benzene derivatives are named by alphabetizing the two substituent groups and adding 'benzene' at the end. If one substituent forms a common name with benzene, prioritize naming the molecule as a derivative of that compound.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

  • Course covers topics in applied biochemistry and molecular biology.

Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry (Lecture 4)

  • Focuses on the fundamentals of organic chemistry.

IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

  • Provides examples of organic compounds (with structures) requiring IUPAC name assignments.

Hydrocarbons

  • Discusses different hydrocarbon classes:
  • Acyclic (open chain): Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
  • Cyclic (closed chain): Saturated and unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • Substituted hydrocarbons: Examples include those containing C-OH, C-CHO, C-CO-C, C-O-C, C-NH2, and C-COOH groups.

Aromatic Compounds

  • Defines aromaticity:
  • Cyclic structure
  • Conjugated pi electrons (4n+2)
  • Planar arrangement of p-orbitals for continuous overlap

Huckel's Rule

  • Aromatic compounds possess (4n+2) pi electrons.
  • Benzene (C6H6) is a stable aromatic compound with 6 pi electrons. (4n+2 = 6, n=1).
  • Other aromatic compounds like Naphthalene (10 pi electrons n=2), and Anthracene (14 pi electrons n=3)

Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives

  • Mono-substituted: Prefix + benzene (e.g., methylbenzene, ethylbenzene).
  • Di-substituted: Alphabetize substituents and number positions (e.g., 1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene).
  • Tri-substituted: Lowest possible numbers around the ring and alphabetize substituents (e.g., 4-chloro-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene).
  • Derivatives: If a substituent corresponds to a common root, name the molecule as a derivative of that monosubstituted benzene.

Preparation of Benzene

  • Methods for preparing benzene from different starting materials are described.
  • From acetylene
  • From alkanes
  • From benzoic acid
  • From phenol

Reaction of Benzene

  • Discusses electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of benzene as the primary reaction mechanism.

Reactions of Benzene Derivatives

  • Nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation reactions of benzene derivatives are explained and illustrated.
  • Specific reagents (i.e., reagents and conditions for each reaction).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Organic Chemistry Lecture 4 PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser