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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for alkanes?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Benzene is an example of an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.
Benzene is an example of an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.
True
What is the name of the process used to prepare benzene from phenol?
What is the name of the process used to prepare benzene from phenol?
Distillation
The IUPAC name for a compound with the formula CnH2n-2 is _____
The IUPAC name for a compound with the formula CnH2n-2 is _____
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Match the following compounds with their IUPAC classification:
Match the following compounds with their IUPAC classification:
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How should substituents be numbered on a tri-substituted benzene compound?
How should substituents be numbered on a tri-substituted benzene compound?
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Di-substituted benzene derivatives should always have the substituents listed in alphabetical order.
Di-substituted benzene derivatives should always have the substituents listed in alphabetical order.
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What is the reaction type involved in the nitration of benzene?
What is the reaction type involved in the nitration of benzene?
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Alkenes have the general formula _____
Alkenes have the general formula _____
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Which of the following is a method to prepare benzene from alkane?
Which of the following is a method to prepare benzene from alkane?
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Study Notes
Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Course covers topics in applied biochemistry and molecular biology.
Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry (Lecture 4)
- Focuses on the fundamentals of organic chemistry.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
- Provides examples of organic compounds (with structures) requiring IUPAC name assignments.
Hydrocarbons
- Discusses different hydrocarbon classes:
- Acyclic (open chain): Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
- Cyclic (closed chain): Saturated and unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
- Substituted hydrocarbons: Examples include those containing C-OH, C-CHO, C-CO-C, C-O-C, C-NH2, and C-COOH groups.
Aromatic Compounds
- Defines aromaticity:
- Cyclic structure
- Conjugated pi electrons (4n+2)
- Planar arrangement of p-orbitals for continuous overlap
Huckel's Rule
- Aromatic compounds possess (4n+2) pi electrons.
- Benzene (C6H6) is a stable aromatic compound with 6 pi electrons. (4n+2 = 6, n=1).
- Other aromatic compounds like Naphthalene (10 pi electrons n=2), and Anthracene (14 pi electrons n=3)
Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives
- Mono-substituted: Prefix + benzene (e.g., methylbenzene, ethylbenzene).
- Di-substituted: Alphabetize substituents and number positions (e.g., 1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene).
- Tri-substituted: Lowest possible numbers around the ring and alphabetize substituents (e.g., 4-chloro-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene).
- Derivatives: If a substituent corresponds to a common root, name the molecule as a derivative of that monosubstituted benzene.
Preparation of Benzene
- Methods for preparing benzene from different starting materials are described.
- From acetylene
- From alkanes
- From benzoic acid
- From phenol
Reaction of Benzene
- Discusses electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of benzene as the primary reaction mechanism.
Reactions of Benzene Derivatives
- Nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation reactions of benzene derivatives are explained and illustrated.
- Specific reagents (i.e., reagents and conditions for each reaction).
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in applied biochemistry and molecular biology. Participants will explore key topics essential for understanding biological processes at the molecular level.
