FREUC 5

Applied Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology Exam Guidance

• Learning Outcomes: Learners will understand human anatomy and physiology, and how diseases/disorders impact the body.

• Assessment Criteria (1): Identify human body structure, describe its functions, explain special sense physiology. Specific systems to include: gastrointestinal, nervous, ear, nose, throat, endocrine, musculoskeletal, reproductive, urinary, lymphatic, skin, hair, and nails. Also, include physiology of hearing, sight, smell, taste, and balance.

• Assessment Criteria (2): Assess, diagnose, determine patient condition severity, and assist with illness/injury management. This includes patient assessment elements (ABCDE), history taking, physical examination, and clinical observations.

• Assessment Criteria (2): Example observations:

  • Respiratory rate
  • Pulse rate
  • Blood pressure (manual and automated)
  • Blood glucose
  • Temperature
  • Oxygen saturation
  • Capillary refill
  • ECG and capnography
  • ACVPU (Alert, Confused, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive) and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)
  • Pupillary reaction
  • Normal ranges for adults, children, and infants
  • Factors affecting measurements (situation, environment, medication, pre-existing conditions)
  • Importance of continuous monitoring and reassessment.

• Assessment Criteria (2): Related Medical Conditions to include: cardiovascular (heart failure, hypertension), cerebrovascular (stroke, cerebral infarction), musculoskeletal (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis), kidney (acute pyelonephritis, acute kidney injury), urinary (obstruction, infection, incontinence), neurological (dementia, Parkinson's), spinal cord/peripheral nerve diseases, developmental nervous system abnormalities, eye disorders, ear disorders, reproductive system diseases.

• Assessment Criteria (3): Recognize and manage life-threatening infections.

• Assessment Criteria (3): Includes clinical findings of meningitis in adults and children, management of meningitis, professional definition of sepsis, definition of septic shock.

• Sepsis Pathophysiology: Sepsis originates from localized infections (skin, lungs, urinary tract), becoming systemic, spreading via bloodstream, causing inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and organ failure.

• Sepsis Recognition & Management: Identify sepsis using tools like NEWS2 (National Early Warning Score). Red & yellow flag criteria, risk factors, signs of infection. Recognize if a patient is "sick" and confirm the diagnosis of sepsis. Indications, treatment/management steps and referral.

This quiz focuses on understanding human anatomy and physiology, alongside the impact of diseases on the body. It covers various body systems and essential assessment techniques required for clinical observations and patient management. Students will be evaluated on their knowledge of body structure, functions, and critical physiological measurements.