Application Layer Module 15 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct sequence of actions a browser takes when a URL is typed in?

  • Checks with a name server, sends a GET request, and deciphers HTML code. (correct)
  • Converts the URL to HTML code, sends a GET request, and formats the page.
  • Establishes a connection, sends a POST request, and converts the server name.
  • Sends a PUT request, receives the numeric IP, and requests the URL.

Which of the following protocols is considered not secure?

  • FTP
  • HTTPS
  • HTTP (correct)
  • TCP

What does the GET message in the HTTP protocol do?

  • Establishes a connection with the server.
  • Requests data from the web server. (correct)
  • Sends data files to the web server.
  • Uploads resources to the server.

What part of a URL does 'www.cisco.com' represent?

<p>The server name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the name server when a URL is entered in a browser?

<p>To translate the server name into a numeric IP address. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTTP message type is used for uploading data files to a web server?

<p>POST (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of HTTP messaging, which of the following is NOT a common message type?

<p>JOIN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the browser sends a GET request, what does the server respond with?

<p>HTML code for the requested web page. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name Service (DNS)?

<p>To convert numeric IP addresses into recognizable domain names (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resource record type is used to represent an end device's IPv4 address?

<p>A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does a DNS server take if it cannot resolve a name from its own records?

<p>It queries other DNS servers for resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are DNS messages structured when sent between servers?

<p>In a standardized format consisting of question, answer, authority, and additional information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNS record is designated for mail exchange?

<p>MX (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)?

<p><a href="http://www.cisco.com">http://www.cisco.com</a> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which record type is used for identifying an authoritative name server in DNS?

<p>NS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after a DNS server successfully resolves a name for the first time?

<p>The address is temporarily stored for future requests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Answer section in a DNS message?

<p>To provide resource records that answer the query (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain is an example of a top-level domain that indicates a non-profit organization?

<p>.org (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nslookup command primarily do?

<p>Manually queries DNS servers to resolve a hostname (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first TCP port that an FTP client uses to establish a connection with an FTP server?

<p>21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of hierarchy in DNS?

<p>It enables DNS servers to manage small portions of the database. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is found in the Authority section of a DNS message?

<p>Resource records pointing towards an authoritative server (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically contained within the Additional section of a DNS message?

<p>Supplementary resource records for additional context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the responsibilities of DNS servers?

<p>A DNS server forwards requests it cannot resolve to another server. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

HTTP

A request/response protocol used for communication between web browsers and web servers. It specifies the message types for communication, including GET, POST, and PUT.

GET Request

A client request for data, sent by a web browser to a web server to request HTML pages.

POST Request

Uploads data files, such as form data, to a web server.

PUT Request

Uploads resources to a web server, like uploading a file.

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URL

Uniform Resource Locator, a unique address that identifies a resource on the internet, such as a web page.

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HTML

HyperText Markup Language, the language used to create web pages.

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Web Server

A computer that stores and delivers web pages to users.

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Web Browser

A software program that allows users to access and view web pages.

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DNS (Domain Name Service)

A service that translates human-readable domain names (like www.cisco.com) into numerical IP addresses (like 198.133.219.25) that computers use to communicate.

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FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

A complete domain name that includes all the levels, such as the hostname, domain name, top-level domain, and any subdomains.

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DNS Message Format

The standard structure used for communication between DNS servers and clients. It includes fields for questions, answers, authorities, and additional information.

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DNS Record Types

Different categories of information stored in the DNS database. Each record type corresponds to a specific type of resource.

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A Record

A DNS record that maps a domain name to an IPv4 address.

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AAAA Record

A DNS record that maps a domain name to an IPv6 address.

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NS Record

A DNS record that specifies the authoritative nameservers for a domain.

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MX Record

A DNS record that specifies the mail exchange server for a domain.

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DNS Message Sections

Different parts of a DNS message that contain specific pieces of information.

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Question Section

Contains the domain name that the requesting client wants to resolve into an IP address.

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Answer Section

Contains the resource records that provide the IP address or other information about the requested domain name.

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Authority Section

Contains resource records that point to the authoritative nameservers for the domain.

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Additional Section

Contains additional resource records that might be helpful in resolving the request.

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DNS Hierarchy

A system where each DNS server manages a specific part of the overall name-to-IP address database.

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What is the nslookup Command?

A command used to manually query DNS servers to resolve host names, troubleshoot issues, and verify server status.

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What does FTP do?

Allows data transfer between a client and server, using TCP port 21 for control traffic and TCP port 20 for data transfer.

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Study Notes

Module 15: Application Layer

  • This module covers the application layer, a fundamental part of network communication.
  • The introduction to networks v7.0 (ITN) curriculum is referenced.

15.3 Web Protocols

  • Web protocols facilitate communication between web browsers and servers.
  • The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a crucial element in web navigation.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol & Hypertext Markup Language

  • The browser interprets the URL's components: protocol (e.g., http), server name, and file name.
  • The browser connects to the web server using the HTTP protocol.
  • The server returns the requested webpage's HTML code.
  • The browser processes the HTML, displaying the webpage.

Step-by-step process for web page opening

  • Step 1: The browser interprets the URL's parts (protocol, server, filename).
  • Step 2: The browser queries a name server for the IP address of the server.
  • Step 3: The web server sends the HTML code for the requested page.
  • Step 4: The browser displays the formatted page.

HTTP and HTTPS

  • HTTP defines the message types used in web communication, including GET, POST, and PUT.
  • GET retrieves data, POST uploads data, and PUT uploads resources.
  • HTTP is not secure; HTTPS is the secure version.

15.4 IP Addressing Services

  • IP addressing services enable communication between devices on a network.
  • The Domain Name Service (DNS) converts human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
  • Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) are easier for users to remember than numeric addresses.
  • This process includes querying a name server to retrieve the IP address.

DNS Message Format

  • DNS servers store different resource records (e.g., A, NS, AAAA, MX).
  • These records contain name, address, and type information to resolve names.
  • When a client queries for a name, the server first checks its own records; if unsuccessful, it can query for help.
  • Successfully resolving names typically includes temporarily storing the numeric address.

DNS Message Format (Continued)

  • DNS uses a standardized message format for client queries and server responses.
  • This format includes sections for "Question," "Answer," "Authority," and "Additional" information.
    • Question section contains the query for the name.
    • Answer section provides the resource records.

DNS Hierarchy

  • DNS uses a hierarchical structure to organize and manage name resolution across the Internet.
  • Different servers maintain different parts of the data, with the root DNS servers at the apex.
  • Top level domains (.com, .org, .edu) constitute the hierarchical structure of the DNS.
  • Queries can be resolved to different servers until the address is found.

The nslookup Command

  • The nslookup utility allows querying DNS servers for hostname resolution.
  • It can help troubleshoot name resolution.
  • The command issues requests to DNS servers for hostname to IP address resolution.
  • Default DNS server is displayed.

15.5 File Sharing Services

  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) enables transferring files between clients and servers.
  • FTP uses TCP ports 20 and 21 for data and control traffic.
  • Clients initiate a "control connection" to the server.
  • Clients use a "data connection" to exchange data.
  • Clients can either upload (push) or download (pull) data.

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Related Documents

ITN Module 15: Application Layer PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the Application Layer, specifically focusing on web protocols and the process of web page loading. This quiz is part of the Introduction to Networks v7.0 curriculum. Challenge yourself on how URLs, HTTP, and HTML interact during web communication.

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