Appendicular Skeleton Laboratory Notes

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What is the function of the clavicles?

To provide bony attachment of the scapulae to the remainder of the skeleton (correct)
To hold the scapulae medially towards the thorax
To articulate with the humerus bones of the arms
To attach the scapulae to the axial skeleton

What is the difference between the ulna and the radius?

The ulna is the medial bone in anatomical position (correct)
The radius is the smaller bone
The radius is the medial bone in anatomical position
The ulna is the lateral bone in anatomical position

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

To articulate with the humerus bones of the arms
To provide bony attachment of the scapulae to the remainder of the skeleton
To allow mobility for manipulation and locomotion (correct)
To hold the scapulae medially towards the thorax

How many bones are in the upper limb?

30 bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scapulae?

To articulate with the clavicles and with the humerus bones of the arms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three bones that make up the pelvis?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

To attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint where the clavicle meets the sternum?

Sternoclavicular joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the forearm that consists of eight metacarpals?

Palm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the scapula?

Triangular (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of body weight is comprised of skeletal muscle?

40% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are skeletal muscles named as such?

Because they are attached to bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of skeletal muscle cells?

They have multiple nuclei (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of skeletal muscle fibers?

Cylindrical (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells fuse together to form skeletal muscle fibers?

Myoblasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Na+ rushing into the postsynaptic terminal?

Depolarization of the postsynaptic terminal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?

Binding to Ca2+ and moving tropomyosin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase in muscle contraction?

Closing Na+ channels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the power stroke in muscle contraction?

The sliding of actin over myosin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for muscle contraction?

ATP (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of myosin heads to actin?

The contraction of the muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves serves the motor and proprioceptive functions of the lateral rectus muscles of the eyeballs?

Abducens nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagus nerves?

Motor efferents to and sensory fibers from the pharynx, larynx and visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

12 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerves?

Supplying somatic efferents to the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles of the neck (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brachial plexus?

Serves the shoulder, some thorax muscles, and the upper limbs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS?

Tract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dendrite in a neuron?

Receives or inputs information from another neuron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a collection of cell bodies in the PNS?

Ganglion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the neuroglia?

Segregates, insulates, and assists neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of depolarization in muscle cells?

The influx of positively charged sodium ions into the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in muscle cells?

To restore the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of sodium ions in the muscle cell?

Outside the muscle cell, in the extracellular space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the rapid repolarization of the sarcolemma?

Muscle contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the stimulus that initiates the action potential in muscle cells?

The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in the electrical properties of the sarcolemma that makes it more positively charged?

Depolarization (C) Signup and view all the answers