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Questions and Answers
What type of hormone acts on the same cell that produces it?
What type of hormone acts on the same cell that produces it?
- Autocrine (correct)
- Endocrine
- Paracrine
- Neurotransmitter
Which of the following statements about body fluid is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about body fluid is incorrect?
- Intracellular fluid is high in potassium.
- Interstitial fluid is a component of extracellular fluid.
- Body water content is approximately 70%. (correct)
- Extracellular fluid is high in sodium.
What is the main function of tissues in the human body?
What is the main function of tissues in the human body?
- To produce chemical messengers
- To form a protective barrier
- To facilitate signaling between organs
- To provide structure and support (correct)
Which organ system is primarily responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?
Which organ system is primarily responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?
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Which statement accurately describes the composition of extracellular fluid?
Which statement accurately describes the composition of extracellular fluid?
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Study Notes
Organization of the Human Body
- Cells serve as the fundamental structural and functional unit of the body.
- Tissues are categorized into three main types: muscle, epithelial, and nervous tissues.
- Organs are structures composed of different tissue types, such as the kidneys, heart, and pancreas.
- Organ systems, like the cardiovascular and urinary systems, consist of groups of organs functioning together.
Hormonal Communication
- Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by one cell that influence another cell's activity.
- Paracrine signals are chemicals released by cells that act on nearby target cells, with limited range due to rapid breakdown.
- Autocrine signals are chemicals produced by a cell that affect the same cell, influencing its own functions.
Body Fluid and Electrolytes
- Total body water constitutes approximately 57% of body weight, averaging around 40 liters.
- Intracellular fluid accounts for about 25 liters, enclosed by cell membranes, critical for cellular function.
- Extracellular fluid consists of approximately 15 liters, dividing into interstitial fluid and plasma.
- Sodium levels are high in extracellular fluid, while potassium levels are the opposite: high in intracellular fluid and low in extracellular fluid.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
- BMI is a key measure of obesity, calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
- Underweight classification occurs for individuals with a BMI below 18.5.
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