Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factors are associated with secondary acquired aplastic anemia?
Which factors are associated with secondary acquired aplastic anemia?
- Genetics and family history
- Chemicals, viruses, and certain medications (correct)
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Radiation exposure and environmental toxins
Which of the following correctly characterizes the features of Fanconi Anemia?
Which of the following correctly characterizes the features of Fanconi Anemia?
- Characterized by an excess of red blood cells
- Increased risk of heart disease and diabetes
- Primarily affects the lungs and respiratory system
- Physical abnormalities, cancer susceptibility, and aplastic anemia (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a common physical abnormality associated with Fanconi Anemia?
Which of the following is NOT a common physical abnormality associated with Fanconi Anemia?
- Microcephaly
- Amputation of limb (correct)
- Café-au-lait lesions
- Scoliosis
What is the most frequently implicated drug in acquired aplastic anemia?
What is the most frequently implicated drug in acquired aplastic anemia?
Which of the following tests is used for diagnosing Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Which of the following tests is used for diagnosing Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
What is the primary cause of Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemias?
What is the primary cause of Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemias?
What defines the main characteristic of acquired aplastic anemia cases?
What defines the main characteristic of acquired aplastic anemia cases?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of inherited aplastic anemia?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of inherited aplastic anemia?
Flashcards
Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Acquired Aplastic Anemia
A type of aplastic anemia (80-85% of cases) where the bone marrow's ability to make blood cells fails, often due to an unknown cause (idiopathic) or a specific trigger (secondary), such as chemicals, a virus or drugs.
Inherited Aplastic Anemia
Inherited Aplastic Anemia
A type of aplastic anemia (15-20% of cases) linked to specific genetic conditions, affecting the bone marrow's production of blood cells.
Fanconi Anemia (FA)
Fanconi Anemia (FA)
The most common inherited aplastic anemia, with chromosome instability leading to bone marrow failure and an increased risk of cancers and certain physical features.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
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Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
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DAF (decay-accelerating factor)
DAF (decay-accelerating factor)
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MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis)
MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis)
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Study Notes
Acquired Aplastic Anemia
- Accounts for approximately 80-85% of aplastic anemia cases
- Two categories:
- Idiopathic: no known cause
- Secondary: associated with a known cause (e.g., chemicals, viruses, drugs; chloramphenicol is a frequent cause)
Inherited Aplastic Anemia
- Accounts for approximately 15-20% of aplastic anemia cases
- Associated diseases:
- Dyskeratosis congenita
- Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome
- Fanconi Anemia (FA)
Fanconi Anemia (FA)
- Most common inherited aplastic anemia
- Chromosome instability disorder
- Characterized by: aplastic anemia, cancer susceptibility, and physical abnormalities
- Skeletal abnormalities (e.g., thumb malformations, microcephaly, scoliosis)
- Skin pigmentation abnormalities (e.g., hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, café-au-lait lesions)
- Short stature
- Abnormalities in the eyes, kidneys, and genitals
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Also known as Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
- Caused by deficiency of:
- DAF (decay-accelerating factor) or CD55
- MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis) or CD59
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemias
- Characterized by small red blood cells with central pallor, and decreased MCV and MCHC
- Results from insufficient iron levels for erythropoiesis
- Abnormal iron studies
- Early stages may show reduced iron stores, but not always a full-blown anemia
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Description
This quiz covers the two primary types of aplastic anemia: acquired and inherited. It delves into the causes, associated syndromes, and specific characteristics of Fanconi Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Test your knowledge on these critical hematological conditions.
