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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of APA style?
What is the main focus of APA style?
How are in-text citations formatted in APA style?
How are in-text citations formatted in APA style?
What is the purpose of the reference list?
What is the purpose of the reference list?
How are authors' names formatted in a reference list?
How are authors' names formatted in a reference list?
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What is the format for a book reference?
What is the format for a book reference?
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What is the format for a website reference?
What is the format for a website reference?
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Study Notes
General Principles
- The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual provides guidelines for formatting and citing sources in academic writing.
- APA style emphasizes clarity, concision, and simplicity.
- It uses a author-date system, where the author's last name and publication year are included in the in-text citation.
In-Text Citations
- In-text citations are used to credit the original author(s) of a work.
- They consist of the author's last name, publication year, and page number(s) if applicable.
- Examples:
- One author: (Smith, 2020)
- Two authors: (Smith & Johnson, 2020)
- Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020)
- No author: ("Title," 2020)
- No date: (Smith, n.d.)
Reference List
- The reference list provides full citations for all sources cited in the text.
- It is organized alphabetically by author's last name.
- Each reference includes:
- Author's last name, initial(s)
- Publication year
- Title of the work (in sentence case)
- Publication information (e.g., journal title, volume, pages, DOI)
Common Reference Types
-
Book:
- Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
- Example: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
-
Journal Article:
- Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp. doi:xxxx
- Example: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of social media on mental health. Journal of Psychology, 20(1), 12-20. doi:10.1037/jou0000123
-
Website:
- Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of the webpage. Title of the Website. https://www.url.com
- Example: Smith, J. (2020, February 10). The impact of climate change. NASA. https://climate.nasa.gov/
Other Guidelines
- Order of authors: List authors in the order they appear on the source.
- Et al.: Use "et al." for sources with 3 or more authors in the in-text citation and reference list.
- DOIs: Include DOIs (digital object identifiers) for online sources whenever possible.
- Abbreviations: Use standard abbreviations for journal titles and common words (e.g., "ed." for "edition").
- Indentation: Use a hanging indent for each reference list entry.
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Description
Learn about the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual guidelines for formatting and citing sources in academic writing, including in-text citations, reference lists, and common reference types.
