AP World History: The Age of Enlightenment Flashcards
27 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the philosophical movement that advocates reason and logic as the basis of authority?

  • Romanticism
  • Postmodernism
  • The Enlightenment (correct)
  • The Scientific Revolution

    • What is the separation of church and state?

    Religious Sphere

    What was a major influence of the US Bill of Rights?

    Political Sphere

    Enlightenment philosophers met to discuss _____, ____, and how to solve ______.

    <p>Reason, Logic, Social Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did they believe in using to solve social problems?

    <p>Scientific Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the underground clubs where philosophers met called?

    <p>Salons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as 'The Sun King'?

    <p>King Louis XIV of France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Palace of Versailles located?

    <p>12 miles outside of Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau?

    <p>Swiss Philosopher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Rousseau believe about humans?

    <p>Humans are naturally good and society corrupts them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social theory is associated with Rousseau?

    <p>Social Contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hobbes' view of people?

    <p>People are naturally wicked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the notion of government needing to be checked?

    <p>Boron Montesquieu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Montesquieu believed in three types of government: monarchies, republics, and _________.

    <p>despotisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Montesquieu say about power in government?

    <p>It should be divided among different branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three natural rights according to John Locke?

    <p>Life, Liberty, Property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the vaccine against smallpox?

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the Age of Enlightenment?

    <p>The Scientific Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the book 'Leviathan'?

    <p>Thomas Hobbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the social contract?

    <p>An agreement to give up freedom for an organized society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are natural rights?

    <p>Rights that belong to all humans from birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locke's 3 aspects of natural rights are _____, _____, and ______.

    <p>life, liberty, property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who published 'The Spirit of Laws'?

    <p>Boron de Montesquieu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Voltaire known for?

    <p>'I say what I think.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the 28-volume set of books created by Diderot?

    <p>Encyclopedia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic policy did Physiocrats advocate?

    <p>Laissez Faire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Adam Smith?

    <p>Economist known for 'The Wealth of Nations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Enlightenment

    • A philosophical movement originating in France advocating for reason and logic as the basis for authority and decision-making.
    • Emphasized solving social problems through rational thought.

    Separation of Church and State

    • A principle highlighting the need for religious institutions to remain independent from government influence.

    Political Influence

    • The Enlightenment significantly impacted the US Bill of Rights, fostering ideas around individual freedoms and government limitations.

    Philosophers and Discussions

    • Enlightenment thinkers convened to explore topics centered on reason, logic, and the resolution of societal issues.
    • These gatherings often happened in informal settings called salons.

    Scientific Method

    • Advocated as a systematic way to address social challenges, emphasizing observation and experimentation.

    King Louis XIV

    • Known as "The Sun King," his reign was characterized by the belief in the Divine Right of Kings, where sovereignty derived from divine will.

    Palace of Versailles

    • A grand palace located 12 miles outside Paris, constructed between 1681 and 1682 over a span of eleven years.

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau

    • A prominent Swiss philosopher (1712-1778) known for his work "Social Contract."
    • Posited that humans are inherently good but corrupted by society, resulting in social competition and inequality.

    Rousseau's Social Contract

    • Argued that government should prioritize citizens' happiness and well-being, with the people as the ultimate source of governmental authority.
    • Asserted the right to revolt against ineffective or oppressive leaders.

    Thomas Hobbes

    • Proposed that humans are born wicked and require a strong, absolute leader for social order.
    • Denied the right of rebellion against authority.

    Baron de Montesquieu

    • French Enlightenment thinker (1689-1755) advocating for the separation of powers within government.
    • Identified three forms of government: monarchies, republics, and despotisms.

    Checks and Balances

    • Emphasized the necessity of dividing government power among branches to prevent tyranny and safeguard individual freedoms.

    John Locke

    • British philosopher (1632-1704) who believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
    • Advocated the idea of the mind as a blank slate and emphasized human reason over inherent wickedness.

    Edward Jenner

    • Credited with creating the first vaccine against smallpox, contributing significantly to public health.

    Scientific Revolution's Role

    • The Age of Enlightenment was catalyzed by advancements during the Scientific Revolution, which prioritized empirical evidence and logic.

    Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan

    • Authored "Leviathan," where he outlined his views on absolute sovereignty and societal structuring.

    Natural Rights Concept

    • Defined as basic rights inherent to all individuals, encapsulated by Locke's triad of life, liberty, and property.

    Montesquieu's Contributions

    • Studied various European governments and published "The Spirit of the Laws," analyzing governance throughout history.

    Voltaire's Advocacy

    • Famous for his phrase "I say what I think," he criticized corruption and injustice, opposing the slave trade through literature.

    Diderot's Encyclopedia

    • Compiled an extensive 28-volume work aimed at transforming societal thinking.

    Laissez-Faire Economic Policy

    • Advocated by physiocrats, it rejected mercantilism in favor of minimal government intervention in economic activities, promoting free trade.

    Adam Smith

    • Renowned economist known for his ideas on capitalism and free-market economics, further evolving Enlightenment thought.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of the Enlightenment era with these flashcards. Covering topics like reason, the religious sphere, and political influences, this quiz aids in understanding the philosophical movement that shaped modern thought. Perfect for AP World History students looking to enhance their grasp of important historical ideas.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser