AP World History LEQ Examples

Questions and Answers

Compare the spread of religions during the post-classical period to the spread of religions in the First Modern Period.

Spread by force; China and East Asia stayed polytheistic; missionaries helped to spread certain religions.

What was the impact of the discovery of the Americas?

2 negative impacts, 1 positive impact.

Compare the cultural aspects of the Safavid Empire and Mughal Empire.

Both followed Sharia law and used gunpowder, but the Mughals were more religiously tolerant.

Analyze continuities and changes in Silk Road trade from 600 to 1450.

Changes included safety of trade and new technology, while continuities included the trading of luxury goods. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the decline of the Han Dynasty to the decline of the Roman Empire.

Both faced outside invaders and political disunity, but China regained its dynastic cycle while Rome did not. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze continuities and changes in Europe from 600 to 1450.

Continuities included the prominence of Christianity and trade dominance, changes included the Renaissance and political structure shifts. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the cultural impact of Islam on AfroEurasia between 600 to 1450.

Trade routes spread Islam, leading to cultural blending, but Europe remained largely Christian. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the similarities and differences between political development in Europe and China from 600 to 1450.

Both regions were influenced by the Mongols, but Europe was decentralized while China remained centralized. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the political and cultural development of the Incan Empire to the Aztec Empire.

Both were polytheistic and collected tribute, but Incas were centralized while Aztecs were decentralized. Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 major changes and continuities from periods 3 and 4.

Changes included the shift from Indian Ocean trade to Atlantic trade and the discovery of the Americas; continuities included the prominence of Islam and Christianity. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze causes and effects of the Renaissance.

Causes included the Crusades and the rise of the merchant class; effects included the scientific revolution and new artistic advancements. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze continuities and changes in the economic development of West Africa between 600 to 1450.

Continuities included gold/salt trade, while changes included the rise of trans-Saharan trade and shifts in merchant demographics. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the changes that resulted in Eurasia from Mongol domination during the Post-Classical period.

Increased Silk Road trade safety and changes in warfare techniques occurred, while Europe remained Christian. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spread of Religions: Post-Classical vs. First Modern Period

Post-Classical (600-1450): Rise of Islam initiating in 622 CE; expansion through Umayyad and Abbasid Empires, enhanced by trade routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean.
First Modern (1450-1750): Notable expansion of Christianity due to Atlantic Trade, Triangle Trade, and the Columbian Exchange.
Similarities in spread included use of force and missionary efforts; East Asia largely retained polytheism.
Distinctions include predominant religions: Islam during Post-Classical and Christianity in the First Modern; the invention of the printing press catalyzed religious dissemination in the First Modern.

Impact of Discovery of the Americas

Driven by a desire for faster trade routes to India amid the Age of Exploration led by Spain and Portugal.
Negative impacts: Cultural erosion from Christianity's introduction, significant population decline due to disease (like smallpox), creation of the slave trade, and conflicts fueled by mercantilism.
Positive impacts included the introduction of new resources, cultural blending through trade, and enhancement of trade networks.

Cultural Aspects of the Safavid and Mughal Empires

Context includes the Sunni/Shi'a split and the Mongols' influence on gunpowder technology.
Both empires adhered to Sharia Law, utilized gunpowder, and experienced varying degrees of religious tolerance under rulers like Akbar and Aurangzeb (Mughal), and Shah Abbas and Ismail (Safavid).
Mughal Empire exhibited broader religious tolerance compared to the Safavid's Shia orthodoxy; linguistic differences included Mughal syncretism (Arabic, Hindi, Urdu) versus Safavid Persian and Arabic.

Silk Road Trade (600-1450)

The period marked the rise of Islam and an increasing desire for luxury goods, particularly between Rome and Han China.
Notable changes included enhanced safety of trade under different dynasties (Tang, Song, Mongols), emergence as a primary trade route, and technological advancements such as saddle designs.
Continuities in luxury goods trade (silk, porcelain, spices) and a favorable Chinese trade balance persisted, alongside the spread of major religions like Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity.

Decline of Han Dynasty vs. Roman Empire

Both empires experienced a period of political fragmentation post-collapse; China entered a Warring States Period while Rome transitioned into the Middle Ages.
External invasions were critical factors: Xiongnu for China and Germanic tribes for Rome.
Key differences included China’s recovery through the dynastic cycle versus Rome's permanent dissolution, and divergent economic strains impacting their responses to invaders.

Changes and Continuities in Europe (600-1450)

The aftermath of Rome's fall set the context for Europe's evolution.
Continuities: Dominance of Christianity, a consistent demand for luxury goods, major trading hubs, and the thriving Byzantine Empire.
Changes included the Renaissance, isolation of Russia, decreasing church authority, formation of the Hanseatic League, the Great Schism, urban development, university establishment, and a rising middle class.

Cultural Impact of Islam on AfroEurasia (600-1450)

The rise of Islam and the concept of Dar al-Islam underpinned extensive cultural exchange across trade routes, influencing regions such as India and East Africa.
Shared architectures between Islamic and local styles, with notable differences in aesthetic choices; European regions remained predominantly Christian while parts of Africa adopted Islam for trade benefits.

Political Developments: Europe vs. China (600-1450)

Contextual factors included the fall of Rome and the establishment of Confucianism in China.
Similarities included periods of Mongol control, affecting governance in both areas.
Differences highlighted Europe's decentralized structure with significant church influence contrasting with China's centralized dynasties and governance.

Political and Cultural Development: Incan vs. Aztec Empires

Both empires operated within clan systems in Mesoamerica.
Political structures differed: Incas were centralized while Aztecs had a more decentralized approach to governance.
Both were polytheistic, but Aztecs exhibited a more complex sacrificial culture and better treatment of women.

Changes and Continuities between Periods 3 & 4

Changes included a shift in trade focus to the Atlantic, colonization of the Americas, expansion of slavery, the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and decreasing papal power.
Continuities encompassed the prevalence of Islam and Christianity, marine technological advancements, the European Renaissance, persistent religious spread, and the continuation of nation-state development.

Causes and Effects of the Renaissance

Contextualized by increased trade through networks like the Hanseatic League and the Silk Road, facilitating cultural diffusion and advancement.
Causes included the Crusades, the rise of a merchant class in Italy, and population shifts due to the Black Plague.
Effects ranged from the scientific revolution, artistic innovations, secularism, and a revived focus on Greco-Roman cultural heritage.

Economic Development in West Africa (600-1450)

Context was shaped by the rise of Islam, Indian Ocean trade, and shifting dynamics following Rome's decline.
Continuities featured stable gold/salt trade and regional trading practices along the Niger River governed by kings.
Changes involved fluctuations in gold value due to Mansa Musa's hajj, the rise of trans-Saharan trade facilitated by Islamic adaptations, and gender shifts in trade practices from inclusive to male-only merchant activities.

Consequences of Mongol Domination in Eurasia

The Mongol expansion catalyzed the revitalization of Silk Road trade and led to religious transmissions, especially of Islam.
Significant changes included heightened trade safety, adoption of advanced military strategies, isolation of Russia, diminished Confucian influence, and improved status for women post-conquest.
Continuities resided in Europe's resistance to Islam and the ongoing nomadic lifestyle of the Mongols.

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Explore this flashcard quiz that compares the spread of religions during the Post Classical period and the First Modern Period. Analyze key contexts like the Rise of Islam and the effects of trade routes in shaping religious dissemination. Perfect for AP World History preparation!