AP World History: Islamic Contributions to Math

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Questions and Answers

How did Muslims use previous contributions to develop algebra?

By combining Indian numerals and materials with Greek geometry.

What does algebra mean? How does it work?

Algebra means 'the bringing together of separate parts.' A mathematician substitutes symbols for numbers to solve math problems.

Why was medical science eagerly pursued by Muslims?

Because they believed Allah provided a treatment for every illness.

Who was Al-Razi? What were his contributions?

<p>The chief surgeon in many hospitals, an advisor to caliphs, and considered the 'Father of Medicine.' He wrote the 'Comprehensive Book of Medicine'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was in Ibn-Sina's 'Cannon of Medicine?' How was it used?

<p>A book of many medical observations, used as a textbook in medical schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Abbasids ensure that only qualified doctors practiced?

<p>They were examined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were drugs treated?

<p>They were restricted to pharmacies where the preparation and storage were carefully supervised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did early Muslim knowledge of astronomy come from?

<p>The scientist Ptolemy from the Greco-Roman world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Muslims add to astronomical knowledge?

<p>They studied Ptolemy's tables, made their own observations, and found and corrected many of his mistakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the astrolabe used for?

<p>To locate and predict the positions of the sun, moon, planets, stars, and navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where and when was the first public hospital built? What did the hospital at Baghdad also serve as?

<p>The first public hospital was built in Damascus in 707. The hospital at Baghdad also served as a medical school, pharmacy, and library.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did hospitals decide who to treat?

<p>Depending on their illness, regardless of race, religion, citizenship, or gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long could patients stay in hospitals?

<p>There was no limit to how long they could stay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Muslims' Development of Algebra

Combined Indian numerals and materials with Greek geometry.

Algebra

Means 'the bringing together of separate parts.' Uses symbols for numbers to solve math problems.

Muslims' Medical Science Pursuit

They believed Allah provided a treatment for every illness, motivating them to pursue medical science.

Al-Razi

Chief surgeon, advisor to caliphs, the 'Father of Medicine.' Wrote 'Comprehensive Book of Medicine'.

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Ibn-Sina's 'Cannon of Medicine'

Medical observations, used as a textbook in medical schools.

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Abbasids' Doctor Qualification

Ensured qualification through examinations.

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Drug Treatment

Restricted to pharmacies, preparation and storage were carefully supervised.

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Early Muslim Astronomy Knowledge

From the scientist Ptolemy from the Greco-Roman world.

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Muslims' Addition to Astronomy

Studied Ptolemy's tables, made observations, and corrected his mistakes.

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Astrolabe

To locate and predict positions of celestial objects and navigation.

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First Public Hospital

First built in Damascus in 707. Served as a medical school, pharmacy, and library in Baghdad.

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Hospitals' Treatment Criteria

Depending on illness, regardless of race, religion, citizenship, or gender.

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Patient Stay Length

There was no limit to how long they could stay.

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Study Notes

Algebra and Mathematics

  • Muslims developed algebra by integrating Indian numerals and Greek geometric concepts.
  • Algebra means "the bringing together of separate parts," using symbols to represent numbers in problem-solving.

Medical Science in Islam

  • Medical science was actively pursued by Muslims due to the belief that Allah provided cures for every illness.
  • Al-Razi, known as the "Father of Medicine," was a chief surgeon and advisor to caliphs; authored the "Comprehensive Book of Medicine" detailing case studies and disease symptoms.
  • Ibn-Sina's "Cannon of Medicine" compiled numerous medical observations, serving as a critical textbook in medical education.

Medical Practice and Regulation

  • The Abbasids implemented rigorous examinations to ensure that only qualified doctors were allowed to practice medicine.
  • Drug preparation and storage were closely monitored by restricting them to pharmacies.

Astronomy Contributions

  • Early Muslim astronomers derived knowledge from Ptolemy, a prominent figure from the Greco-Roman world.
  • By studying and correcting Ptolemy's tables, Muslim scholars enhanced astronomical accuracy and understanding.
  • The astrolabe was developed to navigate and predict the positions of celestial bodies, aiding in navigation.

Hospitals in the Islamic World

  • The first public hospital was established in Damascus in 707, while the Baghdad hospital also functioned as a medical school, pharmacy, and library.
  • Hospitals treated patients based on their medical conditions, providing care irrespective of race, religion, citizenship, or gender.
  • Patients could stay in hospitals without a time limit, emphasizing ongoing care and treatment.

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