AP World History Chapter 16 Flashcards

Study Notes

Zheng He

Imperial eunuch and Muslim, enhanced trade and spread Islam in the Indian Ocean.
Undertook state voyages under Ming emperor Yongle, influencing commerce from Southeast Asia to Africa.

Arawak

Indigenous peoples of the Greater Antilles during Columbus's time.
Enslavement expedited Spanish colonization efforts in the New World.

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince (1394-1460) advocating navigation studies and exploration.
Instrumental in converting Africans to Christianity, establishing an institute of navigation, and enhancing European wealth.

Caraval

Small, agile ships with triangular sails, designed for shallow waters and river navigation.
Enabled Portugal's expansion into various African cultures due to greater travel capabilities.

Gold Coast

Area of modern Ghana, significant for gold exports to Europe starting in the 1470s.
Became center of Portugal's trade in West Africa, greatly boosting its economy.

Bartolemeu Dias

First navigator to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1487, laying groundwork for further exploration.
His voyage encouraged subsequent European expeditions.

Vasco da Gama

Led the first European naval expedition to India (1497-1498).
Opened crucial commercial routes and established Portuguese presence in India.

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World (1451-1506) while seeking a route to India.
His voyages initiated Spanish colonization in the Americas and established a new trade network.

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe (1519-1522).
Contributed to Spanish colonization of the Philippine Islands.

Conquistadors

Refers to Spanish adventurers of the early 1500s who conquered territories in Mexico, Central America, and Peru.
Their conquests removed Arawaks from the Bahamas and expanded Spanish dominance in the Americas.

Hernan Cortes

Conquistador known for defeating the Aztecs and conquering Mexico (1485-1547).
Overthrew Moctezuma II, inciting an Aztec rebellion and forcing Spanish retreat.

Moctezuma II

The last Aztec emperor, whose mistaken belief in Cortes's peaceful intentions led to his capture and subsequent death.

Francisco Pizarro

Conquistador who conquered the Incas in Peru and founded Lima (1475-1541).
Drove for wealth, resulting in the execution of Inca ruler Atahualpa.

Atahualpa

Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru, executed by Spanish forces.
His death triggered the rise of Manco Inca, leading to a diminished independent Incan nation.

Description

Test your knowledge of key figures and terms from AP World History Chapter 16. This quiz focuses on significant historical figures like Zheng He and the Arawak peoples, and their impact on trade and culture. Perfect for AP students looking to review important concepts.