AP World History Chapter 1 Review

Questions and Answers

About how long has the human species existed?

about 2 or 2.5 million years

List the drawbacks of the human species.

unusually aggressive against own kind, babies are dependent for long time, certain ailments such as back problems, aware of inevitability of death

List the features of human species that allow for success.

opposable thumbs, relatively high and regular sex drive, omnivorous, variety of facial expressions, distinctive brain and facility for elaborate speech

When did the Paleo Age begin?

2.5 million years ago Signup and view all the answers

When did the Paleo Age end?

14,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Stone Age called what it was?

Stones were used as tools for hunting and warfare Signup and view all the answers

How did people obtain food in the Stone Age?

hunting and gathering Signup and view all the answers

When was fire tamed?

750,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

When did Homo Sapiens sapiens appear?

about 120,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

Food source during Late Paleo?

hunted meat and gathered fruit and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Size of groups during Late Paleo?

small Signup and view all the answers

Type of work women did during Late Paleo?

gathered fruit and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Was there equality between sexes during Late Paleo?

True Signup and view all the answers

How were tools made during Late Paleo?

began with crude shaping of stone and wooden implements Signup and view all the answers

Types of materials used to make tools during Late Paleo?

stone and wood Signup and view all the answers

Religion during Late Paleo?

rituals, cave paintings, goddesses Signup and view all the answers

Why did rituals develop?

to lessen the fear of death Signup and view all the answers

Communication during Late Paleo?

developed speech Signup and view all the answers

Why was speech development so important?

It provided rich language and symbols for transmission of culture and its growing sophistication. Signup and view all the answers

What was the greatest achievement of Paleolithic people?

the sheer spread of human species over much of earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

Where did the human species originate?

eastern Africa Signup and view all the answers

Why did the human species begin to migrate?

they were forced by the need to find scarce food Signup and view all the answers

What 2 things allowed Paleo people to live in colder climates?

fire and the use of animal skins as clothing Signup and view all the answers

When did the 1st people out of Africa migrate?

750,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

1st people out of Australia?

60,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

1st humans in Britain?

250,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

1st people from Siberia to Alaska?

30,000 years ago Signup and view all the answers

When did the Mesolithic Age occur?

about 12,000 to 10,000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

What changed/improved with the end of the Ice Age?

human development began to accelerate Signup and view all the answers

Why did more wars occur at the end of the Ice Age?

population growth rapidly increased Signup and view all the answers

The final stone age is called?

Neolithic Age Signup and view all the answers

What was invented during the Neolithic Age?

agriculture and cities Signup and view all the answers

What is the Neolithic Revolution?

the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 BCE Signup and view all the answers

The Neo Revolution began as early as?

9000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

The Neo Revolution gained ground rapidly after?

the development of agriculture Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of agriculture change where people live?

settled in one spot and focused on particular goals and activities Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of agriculture change jobs?

more regular work was required Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of agriculture change population?

increased from about 6 to 8 million to about 100 million some 3000 years later Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of agriculture change animals?

some animals were domesticated Signup and view all the answers

Did the Neo Revolution occur during prehistoric times?

True Signup and view all the answers

Tools used during the Neo Revolution?

basket-making and pottery was developed Signup and view all the answers

Inventions during Neo Revolution?

potter's wheel Signup and view all the answers

Did the Neo Revolution occur at the same time globally?

False Signup and view all the answers

Where did farming begin?

in the Middle East Signup and view all the answers

Why did some people resist the farming lifestyle?

They found it too complicated, too difficult, or too unexciting Signup and view all the answers

When did farming begin in the Americas?

about 5000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of agriculture lead to the Bronze Age?

metal tools were discovered Signup and view all the answers

When did the Bronze Age begin?

4000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

Why is it called the Bronze Age?

copper and bronze were the first metals used and were used as tools Signup and view all the answers

How did farming change by the Bronze Age and why?

Metal hoes and other tools made farming work more efficient Signup and view all the answers

Why did agriculture encourage more stable human communities?

More food is available so people can focus on other developments Signup and view all the answers

Why did most hunting peoples not settle in a single spot?

game would run out Signup and view all the answers

List 3 advantages to staying put.

houses could be built to last, wells could be built to bring up water, other 'expensive' improvements could be afforded because they would serve many generations Signup and view all the answers

Why did the need to control a river's flow encourage villages?

Irrigation and defense is the characteristic pattern of residence in almost all agricultural societies. Signup and view all the answers

What year was Catal Huyuk founded?

about 7000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

What year did Catal Huyuk become a civilization?

3000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

Why do historians believe people in Catal Huyuk spent a lot of time on their rooftops?

to experience daylight and make social contacts Signup and view all the answers

How is a civilization different than an agricultural society?

writing system, cities, institutions, technologies, skilled workers Signup and view all the answers

How did people of civilizations feel about non-civilized folks?

they look down at them Signup and view all the answers

What did the Greeks call non-Greek people?

barbarians Signup and view all the answers

Who had it better, people living in civilizations or non-civilized groups? Why?

Non-civilized because they weren't ruled by a higher class and had more equality between sexes. Signup and view all the answers

How did non-civilized groups contribute to world history?

they domesticated animals, depended on technological improvements, traded worldwide, developed contacts in settled areas Signup and view all the answers

Non-civilized or civilized groups had more impact on the environment?

Civilized groups by causing deforestation that destroyed the fuel supply. Extensive farming opened land to erosion and flooding because of overuse of soil and tree removal Signup and view all the answers

Around 3500 BCE civilizations developed in what 4 centers?

Middle East, Egypt, northwest India, northern China Signup and view all the answers

What did all the 4 centers of civilization establish on?

on the achievements of the river valley pioneers Signup and view all the answers

List River Valley Civilizations achievements that have been fundamental to the world.

major monuments, invention of the wheel, taming of the horse, creation of usable alphabets and writing implements, key math concepts such as square roots, well-organized monarchies and bureaucracies, invention of functional calendars, invention of other divisions of time Signup and view all the answers

By what date had most of the river valley civilizations declined?

1000 BCE Signup and view all the answers

Why did India suffer a break between the old river civilization and classical civilization?

it received new waves of invasion Signup and view all the answers

Why did China not suffer a break between the old river civilization and classical civilization?

The new Zhou dynasty took over right after the Shang dynasty stepped down Signup and view all the answers

What did the Greeks acquire from Egypt or Mesopotamia?

Egyptian mathematics, idea about slavery, techniques of measuring time, techniques of charting the stars, Mesopotamian art, Egyptian architecture, Egyptian temple building, regional cultures Signup and view all the answers

How did Mesopotamia and the Chinese differ on their view of nature?

Mesopotamians stressed a gap between humankind and nature, whereas the Chinese developed ideas of basic harmony Signup and view all the answers

As the great empires from Sumer to Egypt were declining and disrupted, what developed?

Civilization in the Middle East had spread widely enough to encourage small cultures capable of surviving and flourishing after great empires weakened. Signup and view all the answers

Which small group simplified the alphabet with 22 letters around 1300 BCE?

the Phoenicians Signup and view all the answers

The Phoenician alphabet became the predecessor of what 2 alphabets?

the Greek and Latin alphabets Signup and view all the answers

Which small group first introduced coined money?

the Lydians Signup and view all the answers

Why were the Jews the most influential of the small groups?

They introduced the first clearly developed monotheistic religion. Signup and view all the answers

How was the Jewish religion different?

True Signup and view all the answers

When did the Jews settle around the Mediterranean?

around 1200 BCE Signup and view all the answers

When did they begin to suffer from foreign rulers?

772 BCE Signup and view all the answers

Who seized the Jews' state outright and when?

in 63 BCE by the Romans Signup and view all the answers

Why was there no premium on converting non-Jews?

Judaism stressed God's special compact with the chosen Jewish people Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the India civilization?

it suffered from invasions and natural calamities Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Huanghe civilization?

it transitioned into more extensive Chinese civilization that would follow Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Middle East civilization?

Egypt suffered from invasions and political decline. Other parts of the Middle East underwent the development of smaller cultures such as the Jews Signup and view all the answers

What was trade like 1000 BCE?

Trade routes with great distances were developed as different cities and civilizations traded with each other. Signup and view all the answers

How did the rise of civilizations affect local autonomy?

it reduced as kings and priests tried to spread trade contacts and cultural forms and fought in wars to gain new territory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Existence and Development

The human species has existed for about 2 to 2.5 million years.
Drawbacks of humans include aggression towards each other, prolonged dependence of infants, physical ailments, and awareness of mortality.
Features contributing to human success include opposable thumbs, high sex drive, omnivorous diet, expressive faces, advanced brain, and language abilities.

Paleolithic Age

The Paleo Age began approximately 2.5 million years ago and ended around 14,000 years ago.
The Stone Age is noted for tool usage primarily involving stones for hunting and warfare.
Food was obtained through hunting and gathering practices, producing small social groups.
Fire was tamed around 750,000 years ago, significantly impacting human life.

Homo Sapiens and Mobility

Homo sapiens sapiens emerged about 120,000 years ago, using hunted meat and gathered resources for sustenance.
Migration began due to the search for food. The first human exit from Africa occurred around 750,000 years ago, with subsequent significant migrations to other regions over thousands of years.

Neolithic Age and Agriculture

The Neolithic Age is heralded by the development of agriculture and cities, starting around 8500-3500 BCE, with a rapid transition occurring after 9000 BCE.
The agricultural revolution led to population growth and increased settlement stability, with some societies developing complex community structures.
Agricultural practices resulted in significant advancements in tools, including the potter's wheel and basket-making.

By around 3000 BCE, civilizations like Çatalhöyük emerged, characterized by urbanization, social stratification, and technological innovations.
Civilizations are defined by writing systems, specialized institutions, skilled labor, and cultural achievements, while non-civilized groups maintained more egalitarian social structures.
Trade routes expanded significantly by 1000 BCE, connecting different civilizations.

Cultural Contributions and Belief Systems

The Phoenicians simplified the alphabet to 22 letters, influencing Greek and Latin writing systems.
The Lydians introduced the concept of coined money, revolutionizing trade practices.
Judaism emerged as a highly influential monotheistic religion, distinct from the prevalent polytheistic beliefs of early societies.

Decline and Transformation of Civilizations

By 1000 BCE, many river valley civilizations began to decline, facing invasions, political changes, and environmental challenges.
India faced breaks in civilization due to invasions; conversely, the Chinese civilization transitioned seamlessly through dynastic changes.
The Middle East experienced cultural evolution amid decline; small groups, such as the Jews, emerged as central cultural influences.

Environmental Impacts and Societal Change

Civilized groups often had a greater negative impact on the environment through extensive farming, urbanization, and resource consumption.
Settling in one location allowed for construction, irrigation, and defense mechanisms, fostering permanent communities and advancements in technology and culture.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the origins and characteristics of the human species with this AP World History Chapter 1 review. This quiz explores key concepts such as human existence, drawbacks, and features that have contributed to human success. Perfect for your exam preparation!