AP World Chapter 19 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What was the Mita system? What indigenous group used this practice?

The mita system was a labor system used by the Spanish in Peru that forced natives to work on state projects in return for a small salary. It was based on a system originally used by the Incas.

What was the Encomienda system? Why did the Spanish government decide to allow this system to lapse?

The encomienda system granted settlers control over a certain number of native people. It declined because the Spanish royalty did not want a class of powerful nobles to arise in the colonies.

How does the institution of the Church work with the Spanish government during colonialism?

The Spanish government appointed bishops and archbishops, so the Church usually supported and influenced state policies.

Compare and contrast the Haciendas and Plantations.

Haciendas were family-owned farms producing agricultural products for the colonies, while plantations were commercial farms producing products for export. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary export of Brazil in the 1700s? What town in the Brazilian interior was established during this time?

The primary export of Brazil in the 1700s was gold. Minas Gerais was established as a mining town. Signup and view all the answers

What was the fleet system? Explain how Galleons were part of the fleet system.

The fleet system involved Spain sending groups of ships on organized, scheduled journeys to trade in the Americas. Galleons were huge and heavily armored ships used in these fleets. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Aztecs during the conquest of their empire by the Spanish?

Moctezuma II Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Letrados? How were they an extension of the Spanish government?

Letrados were university-trained lawyers from Spain who acted as a bureaucracy for the Spanish government in America. Signup and view all the answers

How did the 7 years' war impact colonial affairs?

Spain was allied with France and invaded by England during the war, prompting Spain to create a military system made up of troops from Spain and local militias. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Marquis of Pombal? Why was he significant?

He was the Prime Minister of Portugal who wanted to break the country's economic dependency on England. He expelled the Jesuits, tried to end gold smuggling and tax evasion, created monopoly companies to stimulate agricultural growth, and abolished slavery in Portugal to ensure a steady supply to Brazil. Signup and view all the answers

What was the comunero revolt?

It was a revolt against Spain by the people of New Granada in 1781. Signup and view all the answers

Which religious groups gave the most support to the Native Americans? Which group was the most fervent in their persecution of the Native Americans?

Franciscans Signup and view all the answers

How was the colonization of North America by England, France, and Holland different from the Latin American colonization by Portugal and Spain?

The economies of Latin American colonies were more regulated and restricted than North American ones. Additionally, natives were enslaved and integrated into society on a larger scale. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the social hierarchy established in Latin America. Be sure to include who is at the top/bottom.

The social hierarchy was largely based on race, with peninsulares (Spanish-born colonists) at the top, Creoles (American-born colonists with Spanish ancestors) just below, mestizos in the middle class, and natives and African slaves at the bottom. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles III and what was his significance?

Charles III was a Spanish king who instituted the Bourbon Reforms. He expelled the Jesuits, reduced the power of Creoles, created Creole militias, and established local monopolies to stimulate the economy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Labor Systems in Colonial Latin America

The Mita system forced Indigenous people to work on state projects for minimal pay, originally based on Incan practices.
The Encomienda system allowed Spanish settlers control over a designated number of natives; it declined to prevent the rise of powerful local nobles.

Role of the Church and Political Structures

The Spanish government appointed church leaders, ensuring the Church's support and influence over state policies.
Letrados were university-trained lawyers from Spain, serving as bureaucrats for the Spanish government in the Americas.

Economic Structures

Haciendas were family-owned farms for local consumption, while plantations focused on commercial crops for export.
Brazil's primary export in the 1700s was gold, with Minas Gerais emerging as a significant mining town.

Trade and Defense Strategies

The fleet system organized trade with groups of galleons—large, armored ships—designed to deter piracy during transatlantic journeys.

Conflict and Governance

Moctezuma II was the Aztec leader during the Spanish conquest, representing a significant shift in native leadership.
The 7 Years' War led Spain to develop a military system combining troops from Spain and local militias due to an invasion by England.

Significant Figures and Reforms

Marquis of Pombal, as Prime Minister of Portugal, aimed to reduce economic reliance on England, expelling Jesuits and abolishing slavery in Portugal.
The comunero revolt in 1781 marked a significant uprising against Spanish rule in New Granada.

Religious Influence

The Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans actively supported the peaceful conversion of Native Americans, contrasting with other clergy who persecuted them.

Differences in Colonization

Compared to North America, Latin American colonies had more regulated economies and a higher degree of integration of enslaved natives into society.

Social structure in Latin America was racially based:
- Peninsulares (Spanish-born) at the top,
- followed by Creoles (American-born of Spanish descent),
- Mestizos (mixed-race individuals) in the middle,
- and natives and African slaves at the bottom.

Bourbon Reforms

Charles III instituted significant reforms, expelling Jesuits, reducing Creole power, and creating local monopolies to enhance economic activity in Spain's colonies.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 19 of AP World history with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as the Mita and Encomienda systems, along with their implications on indigenous populations. Prepare to dive into historical labor practices and their impacts in Peru.