A&P Test 3 Review Part A

Questions and Answers

What separates the bones of the skull?

Sutures

Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Improve hearing

Add humidity to the cranial cavity

Increase bone strength

Take away strength from bones while reducing weight (correct)

Which bone of the skull is most associated with hearing and balance?

Temporal bone

Which bone is most associated with housing the special sense organs?

Facial bones Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is most associated with the process of warming and humidifying inhaled air?

Paranasal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cranial bones?

Protection of the brain Signup and view all the answers

The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a 'key stone' of the skull. This is due to the fact that ________.

The sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible). Signup and view all the answers

The sella turcica is part of the bone and houses the gland.

Sphenoid; pituitary Signup and view all the answers

The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and is therefore ________.

Superior to the sella turcica Signup and view all the answers

One of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain during concussion is the . This is ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to .

Crista galli; attach to the dura mater holding the brain in place Signup and view all the answers

Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________.

Giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock. Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the vertebral column has the most flexibility?

Cervical spine Signup and view all the answers

The difference in motion for the lumbar and thoracic spine is due to variation in ________.

The orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature does not aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage?

The jugular notch Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of the highly mobile glenohumeral joint?

The joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate. Signup and view all the answers

Which option provides the least explanation for the high mobility of the arms?

The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What joint allows for hinge-like motion of the forearm?

Trochlear notch and trochlea. Signup and view all the answers

The proximal end of the radius allows for ________.

Rotational motion of the forearm. Signup and view all the answers

What does the axial skeleton include?

The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra does not have a body?

Atlas Signup and view all the answers

What suture connects the two parietal bones together?

Sagittal Signup and view all the answers

What makes the hyoid bone unique?

It is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone. Signup and view all the answers

Along with support, what other function does the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column provide?

Holds the discs in place. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

Absorb shock. Signup and view all the answers

Paranasal sinuses are found in which facial bones?

Maxillae. Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

Scoliosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing the body's weight?

The lumbar region. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

Hyoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from other vertebrae?

They have costal facets for attachment of ribs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

Provide central support for the body and protect internal organs. Signup and view all the answers

The antebrachium is composed of which two bones?

Radius and ulna. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'true wrist' or carpus composed of?

A group of eight short bones united by ligaments. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal?

Medial cuneiform. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

Zygomatic. Signup and view all the answers

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and ________.

Maxilla. Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women?

Lordosis. Signup and view all the answers

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from other vertebrae?

The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. Signup and view all the answers

The superior nasal concha is part of which bone?

Ethmoid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not include the pelvic girdle?

Sacrum and femur. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is not weight bearing?

Fibula. Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?

Lateral malleolus. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate. Signup and view all the answers

Which movement cannot occur between vertebrae?

Supination. Signup and view all the answers

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

Gomphosis. Signup and view all the answers

What do the cruciate ligaments of the knee prevent?

Prevent hyperextension of the knee. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?

Provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is a joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits slight movement?

Symphysis. Signup and view all the answers

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?

Syndesmosis. Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

Bursae. Signup and view all the answers

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are called ________.

Amphiarthroses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

Synchondroses Signup and view all the answers

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.

Plane. Signup and view all the answers

What are the ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles?

Cruciate ligaments. Signup and view all the answers

What does bending your head back until it hurts exemplify?

Hyperextension. Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

All synovial joints are freely movable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of synarthrotic joints?

Permit essentially no movement. Signup and view all the answers

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. Signup and view all the answers

In symphysis joints, the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

Hyaline cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about synovial fluid?

It contains hyaluronic acid. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement defines synchondroses?

Cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are menisci (articular discs)?

Semilunar cartilage pads. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body called?

Abduction. Signup and view all the answers

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

Feet. Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint is the hip joint?

Multiaxial. Signup and view all the answers

Which movement does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?

Rotation. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

Rare because of the ligament reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

The patellar ligament. Signup and view all the answers

What structures are damaged when football players sustain lateral blows to the extended knee?

Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate. Signup and view all the answers

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

Plantar flexion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement?

The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint has characteristics of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments?

Hinge joint. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skull Bones and Functions

Skull bones are separated by immobile joints known as sutures.
Paranasal sinuses reduce the weight of bones while minimally affecting their strength.
The temporal bone is primarily associated with hearing and balance.
Facial bones are linked to housing special sense organs.
Paranasal sinuses aid in warming and humidifying inhaled air.
Cranial bones serve the crucial function of brain protection.
The sphenoid bone acts as a "keystone" by articulating with almost all skull bones, except the mandible.
The sella turcica, within the sphenoid bone, houses the pituitary gland.

Endocrine System and Brain Anatomy

The hypothalamus, located superior to the pituitary gland, manages aspects of the endocrine system.
The crista galli is associated with serious brain injuries during concussions despite its role in stabilizing the brain by attaching to the dura mater.

Spinal Structure and Movement

Spine curvatures enhance flexibility, providing shock absorption.
The cervical spine exhibits the most flexibility among vertebral sections.
The orientation of articular facets explains variances in spinal motion: lumbar spine flexes and extends, while thoracic spine allows rotation with limited flexion.

Thoracic Cage Features

The thoracic cage provides rigid support yet remains flexible; the jugular notch does not contribute to this flexibility.

Joint Mobility and Structure

The glenohumeral joint connects the humerus to the pectoral girdle and is highly mobile, yet unstable, leading to potential dislocations.
The ulna’s trochlear notch allows hinge-like motion, while the radial head permits rotational movement of the forearm.

Axial Skeleton Components

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing central body support and organ protection.
Atlas is the only vertebra without a body, contrasted by the sagittal suture connecting parietal bones.

Unique Characteristics of Bones

The hyoid bone is distinct as it does not articulate with any other bone and serves as a movable base for the tongue.
Thoracic vertebrae have costal facets for rib attachment, and abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called scoliosis.
Lordosis is an abnormal curve often seen in later stages of pregnancy.

Fibrous and Cartilaginous Joints

Gomphosis joints are peg-in-socket fibrous joints, while syndesmosis describes a fibrous joint classification.
Symphysial joints are united by fibrocartilage, allowing slight movement; synovial joints are defined by synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid.

Muscle and Joint Functions

The cruciate ligaments in the knee prevent hyperextension, and articular cartilage provides smooth surfaces for synovial joints.
Menisci, or articular discs, are semilunar cartilage pads found in joints.

Movement Terminology

Abduction describes moving a limb away from the body’s midline, and inversion/eversion pertains exclusively to foot motions.
The hip joint is a multiaxial synovial joint, while plantar flexion refers to pointing toes.

Knee Joint Specifics

The patellar ligament initiates the knee-jerk reflex, and lateral blows to an extended knee can damage the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament.

Key Features of Joints

Hinge joints possess a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments, maintaining functional integrity and mobility.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of human anatomy and physiology related to the skull and its functions. Prepare yourself for Test 3 with these flashcards, focusing on sutures and the role of paranasal sinuses. Enhance your understanding and retention of key concepts in this subject.