AP Stats Chapter 8 Formulas Flashcards

Study Notes

Proportions

p̂: Symbol denotes the statistic for sample proportions.
p: Symbol denotes the parameter for population proportions.
1 sample z interval for p: Procedure used for estimating proportions from a single sample.
Sample Random Sample (SRS) and Random Sample (RS): Conditions confirming randomness in sampling for proportions.
10n≤N: Condition ensuring that the sample size is less than 10% of the population size.
Large Counts Condition: Requires np̂ ≥ 10 and n(1-p̂) ≥ 10 to validate the normal approximation.
σp̂=√p̂(1-p̂)/n = SEp̂: Formula to calculate the standard deviation (standard error) of the sample proportion.
z*: Critical value from the z-distribution for constructing confidence intervals.
Margin of Error Formula: Defined by z*√p̂(1-p̂)/n.
Confidence Interval Formula: Given as point estimate ± margin of error; specifically for proportions, it is p̂±z*√p̂(1-p̂)/n.

Means

x̄: Symbol for the sample mean statistic.
μ: Symbol for the population mean parameter.
1 sample t interval for μ: Procedure used for estimating the population mean from a sample.
Sample Random Sample (SRS) and Random Sample (RS): Conditions confirming randomness in sampling for means.
10n≤N: Condition ensuring sample size adheres to the 10% rule of the population size.
Normal Condition: Validated by population normality, Central Limit Theorem (n≥30), and absence of strong skewness or outliers.
σx̄=Sx/√n = SEx̄: Formula for the standard deviation (standard error) of the sample mean.
t*: Critical value from the t-distribution for confidence intervals involving means.
Margin of Error Formula: Calculated as t*Sx/√n.
Confidence Interval Formula: General form is point estimate ± margin of error; specifically x̄±t*Sx/√n for means.

Inference Process

State: Identify the parameter to estimate and define the confidence level before proceeding.
Plan: Determine appropriate inference methods (proportions or means) and check necessary conditions (10% and NORMAL).
Do: If conditions are satisfied, execute calculations using both general and specific formulas.
Conclude: Interpret the resulting confidence interval in the context of the given problem.

Description

This quiz features flashcards to help you study the key formulas and concepts from Chapter 8 of AP Statistics. Learn about important symbols and procedures used in statistics, specifically focusing on proportions and sampling methods. Perfect for quick revision before exams!