AP Psychology Modules 74-80 Flashcards

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

<p>Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved performance of tasks because of the presence of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people that is transmitted from one generation to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A generalized belief about a group of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Us' - people with whom one shares a common identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Them' - those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to favor one's own group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger which can generate aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An expectation that people will help those needing their help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers