AP Psychology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is memory?

A type of short-term storage

The ability to forget information

The process of encoding data

The mental processes that enable us to retain and use information over time (correct)

What is the process of transforming information into a suitable form for memory?

Encoding

What is the process of retaining information in memory for later use?

Storage

What process involves recovering information stored in memory?

Retrieval Signup and view all the answers

What does the stage model of memory consist of?

Sensory, Short-term, and Long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is sensory memory?

The stage of memory that registers information from the environment for a very brief period. Signup and view all the answers

How long does short-term memory typically hold information?

Up to about 20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term memory?

The stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of information. Signup and view all the answers

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A type of memory rehearsal useful for maintaining information in short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What does chunking do in memory?

Increases the amount of information held in short-term memory by grouping related items. Signup and view all the answers

What is working memory?

The part of short-term memory concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered. Signup and view all the answers

What does the levels-of-processing framework describe?

Memory recall as a function of the depth of mental processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is procedural memory?

Part of long-term memory responsible for knowing how to do things, such as motor skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is episodic memory?

The memory of autobiographical events including times, places, and emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What is semantic memory?

A portion of long-term memory processing ideas and concepts not drawn from personal experience. Signup and view all the answers

What is explicit memory?

Conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information. Signup and view all the answers

What is implicit memory?

A type of memory where previous experiences aid in task performance without conscious awareness. Signup and view all the answers

What is clustering in memory?

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What are retrieval cues?

Clues, prompts, or hints that help trigger recall of information stored in long-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is retrieval cue failure?

The inability to recall long-term memories due to inadequate or missing retrieval cues. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a tip-of-the-tongue experience?

Being able to retrieve information about the target word without retrieving the word itself. Signup and view all the answers

What does recall involve?

The process of retrieving previously learned information. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory Concepts

Memory enables retention and utilization of information over time.
Key processes include Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval.

Key Processes

Encoding: Transformation of information into a form suitable for memory storage.
Storage: Retaining encoded information for future use.
Retrieval: Recovering stored information for conscious awareness.

Memory Stages

Stage model of memory: Describes three key stages:
- Sensory Memory
- Short-term Memory
- Long-term Memory

Memory Types

Sensory Memory: Registers environmental information briefly.
Short-term Memory: Active memory storage for about 20 seconds.
Long-term Memory: Represents extensive storage of information.

Memory Techniques

Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeating information for short-term retention; not effective for long-term transfer.
Chunking: Grouping related items to enhance the capacity of short-term memory.
Working Memory: Involves immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing.
Elaborative Rehearsal: Involves processing meaning for better retention.

Memory Frameworks

Levels-of-Processing Framework: Memory recall correlates with processing depth; deeper analysis leads to stronger memory traces.

Types of Long-term Memory

Procedural Memory: Stores skills and actions, such as motor skills (e.g., riding a bike).
Episodic Memory: Autobiographical memories tied to specific times and places.
Semantic Memory: Knowledge of facts unrelated to personal experience.

Memory Awareness

Explicit Memory: Conscious recollection of experiences and facts.
Implicit Memory: Memory that aids performance without conscious awareness.

Memory Organization

Clustering: Organizing related items for recall.
Semantic Network Model: Represents relationships among concepts in a graph-like structure.

Retrieval Aspects

Retrieval Cues: Prompts that assist in recalling stored information.
Retrieval Cue Failure: Inability to retrieve memories due to lack of adequate cues.
Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience: Knowing related information but being unable to recall the specific target word.

Recall

Involves bringing stored information back to consciousness, including facts and experiences.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6 of AP Psychology. This chapter focuses on the various processes related to memory, including encoding, storage, and retrieval. Perfect for review before exams or as a study aid.