Questions and Answers
What does the opponent-process theory explain?
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
What is parallel processing?
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously
Define parapsychology.
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What does perception involve?
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What is perceptual adaptation?
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What is perceptual constancy?
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What does a perceptual set refer to?
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Define phi phenomenon.
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What is pitch in sound?
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What does place theory in hearing explain?
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What is priming?
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What is psychophysics?
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What does the pupil do?
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What is the retina?
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What is retinal disparity?
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What are rods in the context of vision?
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What is selective attention?
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Define sensation.
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What is sensorineural hearing loss?
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What is sensory adaptation?
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What does sensory interaction refer to?
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What is signal detection theory?
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What does subliminal refer to?
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Define top-down processing.
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What is transduction in sensory systems?
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What does the vestibular sense relate to?
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Study Notes
Color Vision Theories
- Opponent-process theory explains color vision through opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black).
- For accuracy, certain cells are excited by one color and suppressed by its opposite.
Visual and Auditory Processing
- The optic nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
- Parallel processing allows simultaneous handling of various information aspects, crucial for visual tasks.
- Place theory connects perceived pitch to stimulation location on the cochlea’s membrane.
Sensory Perception
- Perception organizes and interprets sensory data, creating understanding of our environment.
- Perceptual adaptation is the adjustment to visual changes, whether shifts or inversions.
- Perceptual constancy allows recognition of objects as consistent despite changes in lighting or image.
Psychological Influences
- Perceptual set indicates a tendency to interpret stimuli in a certain way based on experiences.
- Priming activates specific associations, influencing perception and memory subconsciously.
- Psychophysics examines the relationship between stimulus characteristics and our psychological experiences.
Eye Structure and Function
- The pupil is the adjustable opening that allows light entry into the eye.
- The retina is the inner eye layer containing receptors crucial for processing visual data.
- Rods detect black, white, and gray, enabling vision in low-light conditions.
Depth and Spatial Awareness
- Retinal disparity helps perceive depth by comparing images from both eyes.
- Selective attention focuses awareness on specific stimuli amidst distractions.
Hearing and Sensation
- Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or auditory pathways.
- Sensory adaptation is the decreased sensitivity resulting from constant stimuli exposure.
- Sensory interaction highlights how one sense can influence the perceptions of another.
Detection and Processing
- Signal detection theory addresses how stimuli detection is influenced by experience and psychological factors.
- Subliminal refers to stimuli presented below conscious awareness.
- Top-down processing uses prior knowledge and expectations for interpreting sensory information.
Energy Transformation
- Transduction encompasses the conversion of different energy forms into neural signals interpreted by the brain.
Balance and Movement Senses
- Vestibular sense relates to body movement awareness and balance, crucial for spatial orientation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key vocabulary from AP Psychology Unit 4, focusing on important concepts such as opponent-process theory and optic nerve. This quiz will help you reinforce your understanding of color vision theories and the visual system. Ideal for students preparing for exams or wanting to improve their psychology vocabulary.