AP Psych Unit 4 Flashcards

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.

A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.

<p>The view that psychology should study behavior without reference to mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In classical conditioning, the unlearned response to a conditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An originally irrelevant stimulus that triggers a conditioned response after association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial stage in classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diminishing of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus does not follow the conditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learned ability to distinguish between conditioned stimuli and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of learning in which behavior is conditioned through reinforcement or punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An innately reinforcing stimulus that satisfies a biological need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing a response only part of the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning by observing others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or observing another doing so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processing of information into the memory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The retention of encoded information over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of getting information out of memory storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate, initial recording of sensory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activated memory that holds a few items briefly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconscious encoding of incidental information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conscious repetition of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The encoding of picture images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental pictures that aid in effortful processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retention independent of conscious recollection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of memory in which one must retrieve information learned earlier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of memory where one identifies items previously learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for the second time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The eerie sense that 'I've experienced this before.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced.</p> Signup and view all the answers