AP Physics 2 Equations Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of electricity and magnetism?

The study of electric charges and their interactions.

Electricity and magnetism (correct)

The behavior of electrons in a vacuum.

The motion of electric currents.

What does the symbol k represent in Coulomb's law?

Coulomb's law constant

What is the equation for electric force between two particles?

F = (¼∏ε₀) (q₁q₂/r²) = (k)(q₁q₂/r²)

Write the equation for the force felt by a charged particle in an electric field.

F = qE Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the electric potential energy for a charged particle in an electric field?

U(e) = qV = (¼∏ε₀) (q₁q₂/r) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the electric field strength between two parallel plates?

E(avg) = -V/d Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for the voltage produced by a point charge from a certain distance away.

V = (¼∏ε₀) ∑ q(i)/r(i) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the ratio of charge to voltage in any capacitor?

C = Q/V Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for parallel-plate capacitance?

C = ε₀A/d Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for the potential energy of a capacitor.

U(c) = ½QV = ½CV² Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for current?

I(avg) = ΔQ/Δt Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for resistance of a material.

R = ρL/A Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for voltage?

V = IR Signup and view all the answers

Write the equations for power.

P = IV = V²/R = I²R Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for total capacitance of capacitors in parallel?

C(p) = ∑C(i) Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for total capacitance of capacitors in series.

1/C(s) = ∑1/C(i) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for total resistance of resistors in series?

R(s) = ∑R(i) Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for total resistance of resistors in parallel.

1/R(p) = ∑1/R(i) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for magnetic force on a charged particle when it moves through a magnetic field?

F = qvB sinθ Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for magnetic force on a current-carrying wire.

F = BIℓ sinθ Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the magnitude of a magnetic field generated with a current?

B = (μ₀/2∏) (I/r) Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for magnetic flux.

Θ(m) = BAcosθ Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for average induced EMF in a wire with loops?

ε(avg) = -ΔΘ/Δt Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for induced EMF in a rectangular wire.

ε = Bℓv Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electricity and Magnetism Overview

Covers fundamental principles involving electric charges and magnetic fields.
Essential for understanding various physical phenomena and applications in technology.

Coulomb's Law Constant

Defined as ( k = ¼∏ε₀ = 9.0 \times 10⁹ , \text{Nm}²/\text{C}² ).
Represents the strength of the electrostatic force between charged objects.

Electric Force Equation

Given by ( F = \frac{(¼∏ε₀)(q₁q₂)}{r²} = k \frac{(q₁q₂)}{r²} ).
Describes the force between two point charges based on their magnitudes and distance.

Force in Electric Fields

Expressed as ( F = qE ).
Indicates the force acting on a charged particle within an electric field, where ( E ) is the electric field strength.

Electric Potential Energy

Calculated using ( U(e) = qV = \frac{(¼∏ε₀)(q₁q₂)}{r} ).
Represents energy associated with local electric field configurations.

Electric Field Strength

Average electric field between parallel plates is given by ( E(avg) = -\frac{V}{d} ).
Highlights the relationship between voltage and distance in defining the electric field.

Voltage from Point Charges

Described by ( V = \frac{(¼∏ε₀)}{\sum q(i)/r(i)} ).
Represents the electrical potential created by point charges at a distance.

Capacitor Charge-Voltage Relationship

Defined by ( C = \frac{Q}{V} ).
Illustrates the proportionality between stored charge ( Q ) and voltage ( V ).

Parallel-Plate Capacitance Formula

Given as ( C = \frac{ε₀A}{d} ).
Relates capacitance ( C ) to the area of plates ( A ) and separation ( d ).

Potential Energy in Capacitors

Calculated using ( U(c) = \frac{1}{2}QV = \frac{1}{2}CV² ).
Represents energy stored in a capacitor based on its charge and voltage.

Current Equation

Defined as ( I(avg) = \frac{ΔQ}{Δt} ).
Indicates the flow of charge over time, central to electrical circuit analysis.

Resistance of a Material

Expressed as ( R = \frac{ρL}{A} ).
Depicts the relationship between material resistivity ( ρ ), length ( L ), and cross-sectional area ( A ).

Voltage across a Resistor

Given by ( V = IR ).
Relates voltage ( V ) to current ( I ) and resistance ( R ) in circuits.

Power in Electrical Systems

Equations include ( P = IV, P = \frac{V²}{R}, P = I²R ).
These formulas indicate the rate of energy transfer in electrical components.

Capacitance in Parallel

Total capacitance given by ( C(p) = ∑C(i) ).
Indicates that capacitances in parallel add directly.

Capacitance in Series

Total capacitance calculated using ( \frac{1}{C(s)} = ∑\frac{1}{C(i)} ).
Reflected as the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals of individual capacitances.

Resistance in Series

Summed up by ( R(s) = ∑R(i) ).
Resistors in series increase total resistance linearly.

Resistance in Parallel

Calculated with ( \frac{1}{R(p)} = ∑\frac{1}{R(i)} ).
Total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistor in the network.

Magnetic Force on Charged Particles

Determined by ( F = qvB \sinθ ).
Describes the force experienced by a charge moving in a magnetic field at an angle.

Magnetic Force on Current-Carrying Wire

Given by ( F = BIℓ \sinθ ).
Indicates the force on a straight wire carrying current ( I ) within a magnetic field.

Magnetic Field from Current

Explained with ( B = \frac{μ₀}{2∏} \frac{I}{r} ).
Shows the relationship between current and the generated magnetic field at a distance ( r ).

Magnetic Flux

Defined by the equation ( Θ(m) = BA \cosθ ).
Represents the amount of magnetic field passing through a given area.

Induced EMF in Loops

Calculated as ( ε(avg) = -\frac{ΔΘ}{Δt} ).
Relates changes in magnetic flux over time to induced electromotive force.

Induced EMF in Rectangular Wire

Expressed by ( ε = Bℓv ).
Depicts the induced EMF in a wire moving through a magnetic field with velocity ( v ).

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Test your knowledge of essential equations in Electricity and Magnetism from AP Physics 2. This quiz features flashcards that cover key concepts, formulas, and definitions you need to master. Perfect for review and preparation for exams.