AP Physics 1: Systems Chapter Exam

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Questions and Answers

Neutrons are the _ of the subatomic particles and they have a _ charge.

smallest, positive

largest, neutral (correct)

largest, positive

smallest, neutral

A neutron is a massive particle made out of 3 _, which makes it a _.

quarks, baryon (correct)

isotopes, baryon

quarks, isotopes

baryon, quarks

What is the energy of the light emitted during a transition from the state ni=5 to the state nf=2?

3.59*10^-19 J

4.58*10^-19 J

-1.59*10^-19 J

-4.58*10^-19 J (correct)

To excite an electron to a higher energy state, there needs to be:

Absorption of energy Signup and view all the answers

The energy corresponding to the first energy level in the hydrogen atom is:

-2.18*10^-18 J Signup and view all the answers

Why was the property of color or color charge given to quarks?

Color charge is simply another way to designate the 'flavor or type of quark' and is not a separate property of quarks. Signup and view all the answers

What are hadrons categorized into?

Baryons and mesons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component used to calculate the atomic mass of an atom?

The number of protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the flavors of quarks?

Up, down, strange, charm, bottom, top Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the atomic mass of hydrogen is true?

It is equal to 1. Signup and view all the answers

What charge does a proton carry?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

How many protons make up a hydrogen atom?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of these particles are protons primarily composed of?

1 up quark and 2 down quarks Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an oxygen atom with eight protons?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which particles are typically not counted when measuring the mass of an atom due to their small size?

Electrons Signup and view all the answers

When does an object become a system?

When part of it is not relevant Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs when a system becomes an object?

The perspective from which it is observed Signup and view all the answers

What defines a system in terms of the number of objects?

2 or more objects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the three basic components of an atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons Signup and view all the answers

How do elements differ from one another at the atomic level?

They have a different number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, which equation is used?

Atomic mass - atomic number Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about atomic structure is incorrect?

Electrons are located in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which particle has a negative charge?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

What best defines substructure in physics?

The parts that make up a whole Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

The number of protons in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Is I-129 considered an isotope of iodine?

No, there are too many neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes an energy level in an atom?

The energy of the orbital that an electron occupies Signup and view all the answers

Which quark is the most massive?

Top Signup and view all the answers

What is the core of an atom referred to as?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What does the average atomic mass of an element account for?

The mass of all isotopes weighted by their abundance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

System and Object Definition

An object becomes a system when microscopic details like molecules or atoms are not relevant.
The transition between a system and an object involves a change in perspective, rather than physical changes.

Components of Atoms

An atom consists of three basic components: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Each element is defined by a unique number of protons in its nucleus, distinguishing them from one another.

Atomic Structure

The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons; electrons orbit around it.
The equation to find neutrons is atomic mass minus atomic number.

Neutrons and Their Properties

Neutrons are the largest subatomic particles with no charge and comprise three quarks, categorizing them as baryons.

Electron Transitions

Energy emitted during electronic transitions can be calculated; for instance, a transition from n_i=5 to n_f=2 can emit energy of -4.58*10^-19 J.
Exciting an electron to a higher energy state requires the absorption of energy.

Energy Levels

The energy corresponding to the first energy level in hydrogen is -2.18*10^-18 J.
Energy levels refer to the specific energy of the orbit occupied by an electron in an atom.

Quarks and Hadrons

Quarks are designated by color charge and fall under flavors: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top.
Hadrons are categorized primarily into baryons and mesons.

Atomic Mass and Composition

Atomic mass is calculated by summing the number of protons and neutrons; hydrogen’s atomic mass is approximately 1.
An oxygen atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, leading to an atomic mass of 16.

Protons and Their Charge

Protons are represented by a charge of +1 or 1e, made of two up quarks and one down quark.
Electrons carry a negative charge and are not counted in atomic mass due to their minimal size compared to protons and neutrons.

Isotopes and Atomic Number

The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom; the atomic number for iodine (I) is 53.
Isotope I-129 of iodine is viable based on neutron and proton ratio consistency.

Core Names and Definitions

The core of an atom is called the nucleus, differentiating it from the surrounding electron cloud and orbitals.
Substructure in physics pertains to the components that constitute a whole object, forming the basis of matter.

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Description

Test your understanding of systems in AP Physics 1 with this chapter exam. The quiz covers key concepts including object relevance and system components. Prepare effectively by challenging yourself with these questions designed to solidify your knowledge.