AP Lang - Rhetorical Devices Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is alliteration?

  • Repetition of a consonant sound
  • Repetition of sounds at the beginning of a word (correct)
  • Pleasing sounds from a combination of words
  • Repetition of a vowel sound

What is assonance?

  • Repetition of sounds at the beginning of a word
  • Harsh discordance of sounds
  • Repetition of a vowel sound (correct)
  • Repetition of a consonant sound

What does consonance refer to?

  • Repetition of a word/phrase at the end of a sentence
  • Repetition of a vowel sound
  • Repetition of a consonant sound (correct)
  • Repetition of sounds at the beginning of a word

What is cacophony?

<p>Harsh discordance of sounds (e.g., jack cut crispy carrots)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define euphony.

<p>Pleasing sounds from a combination of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does parallelism achieve?

<p>Representation that ideas are of equal or higher value &amp; importance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is isocolon?

<p>Parallelism relating to equal length (syllables/word count)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define chiasmus.

<p>Words are repeated in reverse order (e.g., the fire burned, burned the fire)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is antithesis?

<p>Opposition or contrast of ideas/words in a balanced or parallel structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is climax in literary terms?

<p>The height of suspense; turning point in literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anticlimax mean?

<p>An event/conclusion/statement that is less powerful than built up</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define paraprosdokian.

<p>A sentence/phrase in which the second half is surprising and causes one to rethink the first half</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anaphora?

<p>Repetition of the first word/phrase in successive sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epistrophe?

<p>Repetition of a word/phrase at the end of a phrase/sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define epanalepsis.

<p>Repetition of a word/phrase at regular intervals; a sentence starts &amp; ends with the same word</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anadiplosis?

<p>Repetition of the final words of a sentence or line at the beginning of the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define commoratio.

<p>Attempting to prove a point by repeating it several times in different ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tautology?

<p>Repetition of a word/phrase without specific purpose/meaning; redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define anacoluthon.

<p>A construction involving a break in grammatical sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anastrophe?

<p>Inversion of typical word order</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define parenthesis.

<p>An aside; an explanatory part of a sentence that cannot stand on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does apposition refer to?

<p>Two elements, normally noun phrases, placed side-by-side so that one element modifies/defines the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define hysteron proteron.

<p>A figure of speech in which what should be last comes first; an inversion of the natural order (e.g., I die! I faint! I fail!)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ellipsis?

<p>Omission of words when something is implied; can be done without an ellipsis (...)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does juxtaposition refer to?

<p>Placing of contradictory things next to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define asyndeton.

<p>Omission of conjunctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polysyndeton?

<p>Repetition of conjunctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define metaphor.

<p>A figure of speech in which a word/phrase literally denotes one object/idea in place of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a simile?

<p>Figure of speech comparing two items with 'like' or 'as'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define personification.

<p>Giving human/living traits to non-living objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is praeteritio?

<p>To lead on by not stating the facts; drawing attention to something while pretending to pass it over</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define apostrophe in a rhetorical context.

<p>To address someone not present; a personified object/idea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metonymy?

<p>One word/phrase substituted for another with which it is closely associated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define synecdoche.

<p>Part of something that refers to the whole; vice-versa (e.g., wheels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does allusion mean?

<p>Reference to a person/place/etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define apotheosis.

<p>Idolizing something/someone; comparing an object to a god</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is allegory?

<p>Representation of abstract/spiritual meaning through concrete forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define anthimeria.

<p>Substitution of one part of speech for another; noun --&gt; verb (e.g., google)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is periphrasis?

<p>Substitution of a descriptive word/phrase for a proper name (e.g., kleenex)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define euphemism.

<p>The substitution for an expression that might offend/suggest something unpleasant to the receiver, instead of using an agreeable/less offensive expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does archaism refer to?

<p>Old word/phrase; no longer used at the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define onomatopoeia.

<p>Words that sound like what they are</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is zeugma?

<p>Modifies multiple words; use of a word to govern/yoke several words/phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define antanaclasis.

<p>Repetition of a single word with different usages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paranomasia?

<p>Pun; wordplay that suggests multiple meanings; words must look/sound the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define syllepsis.

<p>Sense of a word changes; verb with two meanings; a single word that modifies 2+ words that causes a different meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is imagery?

<p>Use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define pleonasm.

<p>Use of more words than necessary to convey a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperbole?

<p>Exaggeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does litotes mean?

<p>Double negative; an idea is expressed by the denial of its opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define irony.

<p>Conveying a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sarcasm?

<p>Intentionally hurtful satiric or ironic commentary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define oxymoron.

<p>Combination of contrasting words</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a paradox?

<p>Statement that is apparently self-contradicting or absurd but contains a possible truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define synaesthesia.

<p>Mixing of senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alliteration

Repetition of initial sounds in words.

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds.

Consonance

Repetition of consonant sounds.

Cacophony

Harsh, jarring sounds in writing.

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Euphony

Pleasing arrangement of sounds.

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Parallelism

Repeating similar phrases for emphasis.

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Isocolon

Parallelism with equal word lengths.

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Chiasmus

Reversing a phrase structure.

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Antithesis

Juxtaposing contrasting ideas.

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Climax

Narrative's peak of tension.

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Anticlimax

Disappointing ending.

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Paraprosdokian

Surprising sentence ending.

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Anaphora

Repeating words at the beginning.

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Epistrophe

Repeating words at the end.

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Epanalepsis

Repeating first and last words.

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Anadiplosis

Repeating last word in the next sentence.

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Commoratio

Restating a point in multiple ways.

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Tautology

Unnecessary repetition of words.

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Anacoluthon

Grammatical interruption.

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Anastrophe

Unusual word order.

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Parenthesis

Additional information.

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Apposition

Explaining noun next to it.

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Synecdoche

Part representing a whole

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Study Notes

Rhetorical Devices Overview

  • Alliteration: Repetition of initial sounds in words, enhancing rhythm and memorability.
  • Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds in close proximity, contributing to a musical quality.
  • Consonance: Repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the end of words, creating harmony in sound.
  • Cacophony: A jarring combination of sounds, often used for expressive effect (e.g., "jack cut crispy carrots").
  • Euphony: A pleasing arrangement of sounds, creating a melodious effect in language.

Structural Devices

  • Parallelism: Repeating similar words, phrases, or ideas to emphasize their equal value.
  • Isocolon: A specific type of parallelism that features phrases or clauses of equal length.
  • Chiasmus: A rhetorical inversion where concepts are repeated in reverse order (e.g., "the fire burned, burned the fire").
  • Antithesis: Juxtaposition of opposing ideas in a balanced format to highlight contrast.

Narrative Techniques

  • Climax: The peak of tension or suspense in a narrative, structured for increasing importance.
  • Anticlimax: A disappointing conclusion that fails to meet the expectations set by the buildup of preceding events.

Wordplay and Rhetorical Tricks

  • Paraprosdokian: A sentence where the second half surprises the reader, prompting a reevaluation of the first half.
  • Anaphora: Repetitive use of a word or phrase at the beginning of consecutive sentences.
  • Epistrophe: Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive sentences.
  • Epanalepsis: Initiating and concluding a sentence with the same word or phrase for emphasis.
  • Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word or phrase from one sentence at the beginning of the next.

Redundancies and Clarifications

  • Commoratio: Restating a point several times in different ways for reinforcement.
  • Tautology: Unnecessary repetition of an idea or phrase, resulting in redundancy.
  • Anacoluthon: A grammatical interruption or break in sentence structure that can create emphasis.

Syntax Manipulations

  • Anastrophe: Alteration of the typical order of words, often for poetic effect.
  • Parenthesis: Insertion of explanatory remarks in a sentence that adds information but is not essential.
  • Apposition: Placing two noun phrases next to each other where one defines the other.

Figurative Language

  • Hysteron Proteron: Reversing the natural order of events in a statement for dramatic effect.
  • Ellipsis: Omitting words that are implied in the context, creating a succinct expression.
  • Juxtaposition: Contrasting elements placed alongside each other to highlight differences.

Conjunctions and Relationships

  • Asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions for a faster pace or emphatic effect.
  • Polysyndeton: Intentionally overusing conjunctions to slow down the rhythm and create emphasis.

Comparisons and Symbolism

  • Metaphor: Directly referring to one thing as another to draw a comparison.
  • Simile: Comparing two different things using "like" or "as" for clarity.
  • Personification: Attributing human characteristics to non-human entities or abstract concepts.

Rhetorical Strategies

  • Praeteritio: Drawing attention to something while feigning disregard for it.
  • Apostrophe: Addressing a non-present person or an abstract concept directly.
  • Metonymy: Using a related term to represent something else, often based on a conceptual relationship.
  • Synecdoche: Referring to a part to represent the whole or vice versa (e.g., "wheels" for cars).

Literary References

  • Allusion: Indirect references to well-known figures, events, or cultural touchstones.
  • Apotheosis: Elevating someone or something to divine status, often through praise.

Narrative Techniques and Imagery

  • Allegory: A narrative that conveys abstract ideas through characters, events, and symbols.
  • Anthimeria: Using one part of speech in place of another to create a novel linguistic effect (e.g., using "google" as a verb).
  • Periphrasis: Using descriptive language in place of a proper noun for emphasis or clarity.

Tone and Emotion

  • Euphemism: Substituting a mild, indirect expression for a harsher or direct one.
  • Archaism: Utilizing outdated language that has largely fallen out of common use.
  • Onomatopoeia: Words that phonetically imitate the sound they refer to (e.g., "buzz").
  • Zeugma: A word that applies to multiple parts of a sentence, often producing varied meanings.

Stylistic Devices

  • Antanaclasis: Repeating a word but with different meanings in each instance.
  • Paranomasia: Wordplay or pun that leverages similar-sounding words for humor or emphasis.
  • Syllepsis: A single word governs multiple others, often creating a shift in meaning.

Descriptive Language

  • Imagery: Vivid descriptions that evoke sensory experiences.
  • Pleonasm: Using more words than necessary to convey an idea, enhancing emphasis.
  • Hyperbole: Deliberate exaggeration for dramatic or comedic effect.
  • Litotes: A form of understatement that employs double negatives for emphasis.

Irony and Contradictions

  • Irony: Conveying a meaning that contrasts with the literal interpretation.
  • Sarcasm: A form of verbal irony meant to mock or convey contempt.
  • Oxymoron: Pairing contradictory terms for effect.
  • Paradox: A seemingly self-contradictory statement that may reveal a truth upon further analysis.

Sensory Language

  • Synaesthesia: Blending of senses where one type of sensory experience affects another.

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Test your understanding of key rhetorical devices with these flashcards designed for AP Language and Composition. Each card features a term along with its definition to enhance your literary skills. Perfect for exam preparation and mastery of the subject!

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