AP Human Geography Unit 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is redlining?

Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas (correct)

A zoning regulation

A form of urban planning

A community development strategy

What does Homer Hoyt's Sector model explain?

The internal structure of cities with social groups arranged in sectors.

Define nucleated settlement.

A settlement with one or more core areas where families live in close proximity surrounded by fields.

What is a slum?

A district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a squatter settlement?

An area where people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a grid street pattern.

An arrangement of streets that intersect at right angles. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a dendritic street pattern?

Streets branching out from a single point. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a suburb?

A residential district located on the outskirts of a city. Signup and view all the answers

Define suburbanization.

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tenement?

A rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards. Signup and view all the answers

Define town in urban geography.

An urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city. Signup and view all the answers

What is an underclass?

A group of people for whom poverty persists year after year. Signup and view all the answers

Define underemployment.

When workers are overqualified for their jobs or work fewer hours than they prefer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of urbanization?

The movement of people from rural areas to cities. Signup and view all the answers

What are world cities?

Centers of economic, cultural, and political activity that control global systems. Signup and view all the answers

Define zone in transition.

An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban. Signup and view all the answers

What are zoning ordinances?

Laws that limit the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development. Signup and view all the answers

Define base ratio.

The ratio between workers employed in the basic sector and those in the non-basic sector. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bosnywash?

The heavily populated area extending from Boston to Washington including major cities. Signup and view all the answers

Define center city.

Cities that provide goods and services for the surrounding area. Signup and view all the answers

What is a city-state?

A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside. Signup and view all the answers

Define complementary region.

A region formed by the combination of two areas with different activities or strengths. Signup and view all the answers

What are councils of government?

Cooperative agencies consisting of representatives from local governments in the region. Signup and view all the answers

Define disamenity sector.

The very poorest parts of cities, often controlled by gangs or drug lords. Signup and view all the answers

What are export activities?

The process of exporting goods from a region. Signup and view all the answers

What does feminization of poverty refer to?

The trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor. Signup and view all the answers

What is formative era in urban geography?

The time when major urban hearths came into existence. Signup and view all the answers

Define greenbelts.

Undeveloped areas neighboring an urban area, often protected from development. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hamlet?

A community of people smaller than a village. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms in Urban Geography

Redlining: An illegal practice where mortgage loans or insurance policies are denied based on location rather than economic eligibility.
Homer Hoyt's Sector Model: Illustrates urban structures with social groups organized in sectors or wedges radiating from a central business district.
Nucleated Settlement: A community structure where families reside in close proximity, surrounded by their fields and farm structures.
Slum: An area characterized by extreme poverty and poor living conditions within a city.
Squatter Settlement: Communities in developing nations where individuals build homes illegally on land they do not own or rent.
Grid Street Pattern: A street layout where roads intersect at right angles, promoting systematic navigation.
Dendritic Street Pattern: A network of streets that branch outward from a central point, resembling a tree's structure.
Suburb: Residential areas situated on the outskirts of a city, typically characterized by lower density.
Suburbanization: The demographic shift of populations moving from urban centers to the outskirts, often leading to urban sprawl.
Tenement: Poorly maintained apartment buildings that only meet minimal living standards, often home to low-income residents.
Town: An urban area defined by specific boundaries, smaller than a city.
Underclass: A demographic of people enduring persistent poverty, often through multiple generations.
Underemployment: A situation where workers possess qualifications higher than their job requirements or work fewer hours than desired.
Urban Hierarchy: A system that ranks urban areas based on their size, population, and the range of services they provide.
Urbanization: The movement of populations from rural regions to cities, contributing to urban growth.
World City: Major global centers of economic, cultural, and political influence, interlinked in finance and commerce.
Zone in Transition: Areas undergoing changes between rural and urban characteristics, often with socio-economic implications.
Zoning Ordinances: Regulations that govern land use and establish density limits for development in communities.
Base Ratio: The relationship between employment in the basic economic sector versus the non-basic sector.
Bosnywash: A heavily populated corridor stretching from Boston to Washington D.C., including major cities like New York and Philadelphia.
Center City: The urban core providing goods and services to surrounding areas, typically more densely populated.
City-State: A sovereign entity consisting of a city that governs itself and its surrounding territory.
Complementary Region: Areas that provide distinct activities or strengths, benefitting from their economic interdependence.
Councils of Government: Collaborative agencies formed by representatives from local governments to address regional issues.
Disamenity Sector: The most impoverished urban areas, often lacking basic city services and controlled by gangs or illegal organizations.
Export Activities: The processes involved in sending goods out of a region to other markets.
Feminization of Poverty: An increasing trend where women represent a growing segment of the impoverished population.
Formative Era: The historical period during which major urban centers were established.
Greenbelts: Protected undeveloped areas surrounding cities in Europe, aimed at preserving open space and preventing urban sprawl.
Hamlet: A small community or settlement that is even less populated than a village.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from AP Human Geography Unit 7. This set covers key concepts such as redlining and various urban models including Homer Hoyt's Sector model. Great for exam preparation and enhancing your understanding of urban geography.