AP Human Geography - Unit 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is transhumance?

  • Seasonal movement of livestock between pastures (correct)
  • Migration caused by natural disasters
  • Permanent settlement of a community
  • Urban migration due to job opportunities

What defines an international refugee?

Fleeing from one country to another

What characterizes an intranational refugee?

Fleeing from one region to another

What is a permanent refugee?

<p>A refugee who does not return to their country of origin and is given permanent residence status in the new country</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a temporary refugee?

<p>Status given to a refugee prior to receiving permanent residency in a new country</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are expansive population policies?

<p>Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe eugeuic population policies.

<p>Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do restrictive population policies aim to accomplish?

<p>Reduce the rate of natural increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by negative population growth?

<p>The death rate is higher than the birth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the one child policy refer to?

<p>An act in China that allows people to have only 1 child in the city and 2 children in the countryside</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are immigration laws?

<p>Laws and regulations designed to control immigration into a state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vital records?

<p>Information about births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and the incidence of certain infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a census?

<p>An official numbering of the people of a country or district</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define nutritional density.

<p>Measure of how much nutrition can be produced from land</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is baby boom?

<p>An increase in population by almost 30 million people</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mobility refer to in this context?

<p>Freedom to move from place to place</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are transnational migrants?

<p>Migrants who set up homes and/or work in more than one nation-state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suburbanization?

<p>The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define eco-migration.

<p>Population movement caused by the degradation of land and essential natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a population explosion?

<p>The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is personal space?

<p>A concept closely related to territoriality, proposed by anthropologist Edward Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a farmstead?

<p>The buildings and adjacent grounds of a farm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a J-curve?

<p>A projection population model showing exponential growth shaped like a J-curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cairo Plan?

<p>A plan developed at the 1994 Conference on Population and Development calling for stabilizing the world's population at 7.8 billion by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define overpopulation.

<p>The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is carrying capacity?

<p>The largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an S-curve?

<p>The horizontal bending or leveling of an exponential or J-curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are migration fields?

<p>Areas from which a given city or place draws a majority of the in-migrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does channelized migration refer to?

<p>When one family member migrates to a new country and the rest of the family follows shortly after</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Ravenstein's Laws of Migration?

<p>Laws of migration established in the 1880s based on studies in the UK, stating that most migrants move only a short distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transhumance

Regular movement of human groups between pastures for grazing, usually following seasonal patterns.

International Refugee

People fleeing to another country to escape conflict, persecution, or violence.

Intranational Refugee

People fleeing their home within their own country due to conflict, persecution, or disaster.

Permanent Refugee

Refugees who plan to permanently reside in a new country, not returning to their home country.

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Temporary Refugee

Refugees who seek temporary protection and hope to eventually return to their home country.

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Expansive Population Policies

Policies aimed at increasing population growth, often encouraging larger families.

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Eugenic Population Policies

Policies that favor specific racial or ethnic groups, often through discriminatory practices.

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Restrictive Population Policies

Policies that encourage lower birth rates and aim to control population growth.

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Negative Population Growth

A decrease in population size due to more deaths than births.

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One Child Policy

China's policy restricting most families to ONE child, aimed at controlling population growth.

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Census

An official count of all people residing within a specific area.

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Nutritional Density

A measure of the amount of nutrition produced per unit of land area.

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Baby Boom

A period post-war, marked by a significant rise in birth rates, causing a population surge.

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Mobility

The ability and freedom of people to relocate, either within a country or internationally.

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Transnational Migrants

People who live and work in different nations, often maintaining connections across borders.

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Eco-migration

Migration driven by environmental factors like drought, desertification, or natural disasters.

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Channelized Migration

A migration pattern where ONE family member migrates first, followed by other members later.

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Suburbanization

The movement of residents from urban centers to surrounding areas, often creating suburbs.

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Population Explosion

A rapid increase in global population, observed in the last century.

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Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can sustainably support based on its resources.

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J-Curve

A population growth model showing an exponential increase, resembling a 'J' shape.

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S-Curve

A population growth model showing a leveling off of exponential growth, resembling an 'S' shape.

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Migration Fields

Regions that supply a large majority of migrants to a specific destination.

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Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of laws describing historical migration patterns, emphasizing shorter distance moves over long-distance ones.

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Cairo Plan

A 1994 initiative aimed at stabilizing global population growth, emphasizing female education and family planning.

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Migration

Processes that involve the movement of people from one place to another.

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Demography

The study of populations and their characteristics, including size, distribution, and changes.

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Study Notes

Key Concepts in Migration and Population Policies

  • Transhumance: Regular seasonal movement of human groups; livestock migrates between pastures.
  • International vs. Intranational Refugees: International refugees flee to another country, while intranational refugees move within the same country.
  • Permanent vs. Temporary Refugees: Permanent refugees gain residency in a new country and do not return, whereas temporary refugees await permanent status.

Population Policies

  • Expansive Population Policies: Encourage large families to boost population growth.
  • Eugeuic Population Policies: Favor specific racial or ethnic groups through targeted government policies.
  • Restrictive Population Policies: Aim to lower natural population growth rates.

Population Dynamics

  • Negative Population Growth: Occurs when the death rate surpasses the birth rate.
  • One Child Policy: China's directive limiting urban families to one child and rural families to two.
  • Census: An official count of the population in a specific area.

Population Growth Factors

  • Nutritional Density: Measure of nutrition produced relative to land area; more fertile regions have higher nutritional density.
  • Baby Boom: Significant population increase post-war, resulting in larger families and suburban growth.
  • Mobility: Refers to the freedom and ability to relocate.

Migration Types

  • Transnational Migrants: Individuals living and working across multiple nations.
  • Eco-migration: Movement driven by environmental degradation and resource scarcity.
  • Channelized Migration: A pattern where one family member migrates, and the rest follow.
  • Suburbanization: Movement of populations from urban centers to surrounding rural areas.
  • Population Explosion: Rapid global population growth observed in the last century.
  • Carrying Capacity: Maximum population size an environment can sustainably support.

Population Projections and Theories

  • J-Curve: Population growth model indicating exponential growth, leading to increased resource demand.
  • S-Curve: Represents a leveling off of exponential population growth.
  • Migration Fields: Geographic areas supplying the majority of migrants to a specific location.

Historical and Policy Frameworks

  • Ravenstein's Laws of Migration: Historical laws describing migration patterns, emphasizing that most migrants travel short distances.
  • Cairo Plan: A 1994 initiative aimed at stabilizing global population growth while addressing resources, emphasizing education for girls and family planning.

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Test your knowledge with this set of flashcards focused on Unit 2 of AP Human Geography. Covering essential terms such as transhumance and types of refugees, these cards will help reinforce your understanding of key geographical concepts. Perfect for exam preparation or self-study.

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