AP Human Geography Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is human geography?

  • The exact position of a place on the Earth's surface
  • A technique for obtaining information about objects remotely
  • A branch of geography focusing on human interaction with the built environment (correct)
  • A study of physical features of the Earth's surface
  • What is physical geography?

    The study of physical features of the Earth's surface.

    What does absolute location refer to?

    The exact position of a place on the Earth's surface.

    What is relative location?

    <p>The location of something in relation to something else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define spatial perspective.

    <p>The way geographers look at everything in relation to space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a map?

    <p>A 2D model of the Earth or a portion of its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mental map?

    <p>A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does distribution refer to?

    <p>The frequency or occurrence of something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define pattern in geography.

    <p>A consistent or characteristic arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a formal region?

    <p>A region marked by uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a functional (nodal) region?

    <p>A group of places linked together by some function's influence on them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a perceptual (vernacular) region?

    <p>A region defined by people's beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is remote sensing?

    <p>A technique of obtaining information about objects through the study of data collected by special instruments that are not in physical contact with the objects being analyzed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Geographic Information Systems.

    <p>A computer program that stores geographic data and produces maps to show those data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion in geography?

    <p>The spread of a culture element or some other phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expansion diffusion?

    <p>A form of diffusion in which the cultural component spreads outward to new places while remaining strong in its original hearth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is relocation diffusion?

    <p>A form of diffusion that involves the actual movement of the original adopters from their point of origin to a new place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define acculturation.

    <p>Occurs when the 'weaker' of two cultures adopts traits from the more dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assimilation?

    <p>In cultural convergence, this occurs when the original traits of the weaker culture are completely erased and replaced by the traits of the more dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transculturation?

    <p>Occurs when two cultures of just about equal power or influence meet and exchange ideas or traits without the domination seen in acculturation and assimilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define contagious diffusion.

    <p>A form of expansion diffusion in which numerous places or people near the point of origin become adopters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hierarchical diffusion?

    <p>Occurs when the diffusion innovation or concept spreads from a place or person of power or high susceptibility to another in a leveled pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is independent invention?

    <p>In which many hearths invent similar innovations without knowing about each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define environmental determinism.

    <p>The idea that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is possibilism?

    <p>The idea that the natural environment places limits on the set of choices available to people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture.

    <p>The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cultural diffusion?

    <p>The spread of culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define cultural landscape.

    <p>Tangible result of a human group's interaction with its environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture hearth?

    <p>Area where innovations in culture began and from which such cultural elements spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture trait.

    <p>A single piece of a culture's traditions and practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture complex?

    <p>A unique combination of culture traits for a particular culture group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture realm.

    <p>A cluster of regions in which related culture systems prevail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture region?

    <p>A region within which common culture characteristics prevail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture system.

    <p>Collection of culture complexes that shape a group's common identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Geography Concepts

    • Human Geography: Examines human interactions with the environment and spatial distributions of activities.
    • Physical Geography: Focuses on natural features of the Earth's surface.
    • Absolute Location: The precise geographical coordinates of a place.
    • Relative Location: The position of a place in relation to other locations.
    • Spatial Perspective: A geographer's approach to understanding the arrangement of phenomena across space.

    Maps and Representations

    • Map: A two-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface.
    • Mental Map: An individual's personal perception and understanding of a geographical area.

    Spatial Distribution and Patterns

    • Distribution: Frequency and occurrence of phenomena across space.
    • Pattern: A consistent arrangement or design of objects or features in a given area.

    Geographic Regions

    • Formal Region: Identified by uniform characteristics or phenomena.
    • Functional (Nodal) Region: Regions interconnected through specific functions or influences.
    • Perceptual (Vernacular) Region: Defined by people's perceptions or cultural beliefs.

    Geographic Techniques

    • Remote Sensing: Collecting data about objects from a distance using specialized instruments.
    • Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Software that stores and visualizes geographic data through maps.

    Cultural Dynamics and Diffusion

    • Diffusion: The process of cultural elements spreading from one area to another.
    • Expansion Diffusion: Cultural spread that remains strong in its origin while reaching new areas.
    • Relocation Diffusion: Involves the physical movement of people adopting culture to new locations.
    • Acculturation: Weaker cultures adopt traits from a dominant culture.
    • Assimilation: Complete erasure of a weaker culture’s original traits, replaced by a dominant culture.
    • Transculturation: Equal exchange of cultural traits between cultures without dominance.

    Types of Diffusion

    • Contagious Diffusion: Widespread adoption from proximity to the origin point.
    • Hierarchical Diffusion: Spread of ideas from higher-status locations or people to others in a structured manner.
    • Independent Invention: Similar innovations arising independently across different cultures.

    Cultural Theories

    • Environmental Determinism: Belief that human behavior is influenced or controlled by the physical environment.
    • Possibilism: Suggests the environment limits choices but does not dictate them.

    Culture Fundamentals

    • Culture: Encompasses the collective knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of societal members.
    • Cultural Diffusion: The process through which cultural practices spread.
    • Cultural Landscape: The physical imprint of human interaction within an environment.
    • Culture Hearth: Origins of cultural innovations from which elements spread.
    • Culture Trait: An individual component or element of a culture’s practices.
    • Culture Complex: A unique blend of cultural traits specific to a group.
    • Culture Realm: Regions characterized by interconnected culture systems.
    • Culture Region: Areas where common cultural traits are prevalent.
    • Culture System: A collection of complexes shaping a group’s common identity.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards on all terms related to AP Human Geography. This quiz covers key concepts including human geography, physical geography, and more. Perfect for students preparing for exams or looking to strengthen their understanding of geographic principles.

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