AP Human Geography Flashcards
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AP Human Geography Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is human geography?

  • The exact position of a place on the Earth's surface
  • A technique for obtaining information about objects remotely
  • A branch of geography focusing on human interaction with the built environment (correct)
  • A study of physical features of the Earth's surface
  • What is physical geography?

    The study of physical features of the Earth's surface.

    What does absolute location refer to?

    The exact position of a place on the Earth's surface.

    What is relative location?

    <p>The location of something in relation to something else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define spatial perspective.

    <p>The way geographers look at everything in relation to space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a map?

    <p>A 2D model of the Earth or a portion of its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mental map?

    <p>A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does distribution refer to?

    <p>The frequency or occurrence of something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define pattern in geography.

    <p>A consistent or characteristic arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a formal region?

    <p>A region marked by uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a functional (nodal) region?

    <p>A group of places linked together by some function's influence on them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a perceptual (vernacular) region?

    <p>A region defined by people's beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is remote sensing?

    <p>A technique of obtaining information about objects through the study of data collected by special instruments that are not in physical contact with the objects being analyzed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Geographic Information Systems.

    <p>A computer program that stores geographic data and produces maps to show those data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion in geography?

    <p>The spread of a culture element or some other phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expansion diffusion?

    <p>A form of diffusion in which the cultural component spreads outward to new places while remaining strong in its original hearth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is relocation diffusion?

    <p>A form of diffusion that involves the actual movement of the original adopters from their point of origin to a new place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define acculturation.

    <p>Occurs when the 'weaker' of two cultures adopts traits from the more dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assimilation?

    <p>In cultural convergence, this occurs when the original traits of the weaker culture are completely erased and replaced by the traits of the more dominant culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transculturation?

    <p>Occurs when two cultures of just about equal power or influence meet and exchange ideas or traits without the domination seen in acculturation and assimilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define contagious diffusion.

    <p>A form of expansion diffusion in which numerous places or people near the point of origin become adopters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hierarchical diffusion?

    <p>Occurs when the diffusion innovation or concept spreads from a place or person of power or high susceptibility to another in a leveled pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is independent invention?

    <p>In which many hearths invent similar innovations without knowing about each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define environmental determinism.

    <p>The idea that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is possibilism?

    <p>The idea that the natural environment places limits on the set of choices available to people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture.

    <p>The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cultural diffusion?

    <p>The spread of culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define cultural landscape.

    <p>Tangible result of a human group's interaction with its environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture hearth?

    <p>Area where innovations in culture began and from which such cultural elements spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture trait.

    <p>A single piece of a culture's traditions and practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture complex?

    <p>A unique combination of culture traits for a particular culture group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture realm.

    <p>A cluster of regions in which related culture systems prevail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a culture region?

    <p>A region within which common culture characteristics prevail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define culture system.

    <p>Collection of culture complexes that shape a group's common identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Geography Concepts

    • Human Geography: Examines human interactions with the environment and spatial distributions of activities.
    • Physical Geography: Focuses on natural features of the Earth's surface.
    • Absolute Location: The precise geographical coordinates of a place.
    • Relative Location: The position of a place in relation to other locations.
    • Spatial Perspective: A geographer's approach to understanding the arrangement of phenomena across space.

    Maps and Representations

    • Map: A two-dimensional representation of the Earth's surface.
    • Mental Map: An individual's personal perception and understanding of a geographical area.

    Spatial Distribution and Patterns

    • Distribution: Frequency and occurrence of phenomena across space.
    • Pattern: A consistent arrangement or design of objects or features in a given area.

    Geographic Regions

    • Formal Region: Identified by uniform characteristics or phenomena.
    • Functional (Nodal) Region: Regions interconnected through specific functions or influences.
    • Perceptual (Vernacular) Region: Defined by people's perceptions or cultural beliefs.

    Geographic Techniques

    • Remote Sensing: Collecting data about objects from a distance using specialized instruments.
    • Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Software that stores and visualizes geographic data through maps.

    Cultural Dynamics and Diffusion

    • Diffusion: The process of cultural elements spreading from one area to another.
    • Expansion Diffusion: Cultural spread that remains strong in its origin while reaching new areas.
    • Relocation Diffusion: Involves the physical movement of people adopting culture to new locations.
    • Acculturation: Weaker cultures adopt traits from a dominant culture.
    • Assimilation: Complete erasure of a weaker culture’s original traits, replaced by a dominant culture.
    • Transculturation: Equal exchange of cultural traits between cultures without dominance.

    Types of Diffusion

    • Contagious Diffusion: Widespread adoption from proximity to the origin point.
    • Hierarchical Diffusion: Spread of ideas from higher-status locations or people to others in a structured manner.
    • Independent Invention: Similar innovations arising independently across different cultures.

    Cultural Theories

    • Environmental Determinism: Belief that human behavior is influenced or controlled by the physical environment.
    • Possibilism: Suggests the environment limits choices but does not dictate them.

    Culture Fundamentals

    • Culture: Encompasses the collective knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of societal members.
    • Cultural Diffusion: The process through which cultural practices spread.
    • Cultural Landscape: The physical imprint of human interaction within an environment.
    • Culture Hearth: Origins of cultural innovations from which elements spread.
    • Culture Trait: An individual component or element of a culture’s practices.
    • Culture Complex: A unique blend of cultural traits specific to a group.
    • Culture Realm: Regions characterized by interconnected culture systems.
    • Culture Region: Areas where common cultural traits are prevalent.
    • Culture System: A collection of complexes shaping a group’s common identity.

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