AP Human Geography Essay Test Part 2

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Questions and Answers

What is a world city? Give 2 examples.

A world city is a polycentric metropolis consisting of international companies and telecommunication hubs. Examples include: London, England, and Tokyo, Japan.

What is the difference between site and situation?

Site is a city's exact location or physical characteristics, and situation is the location relative to surrounding areas.

Give 3 characteristics of Burgess's Model.

CBD in the middle, 2) Zone of transition around that, 3) Independent workers' homes next.

Give 3 characteristics of Hoyt's Model.

<ol> <li>Low income homes near railroad lines, 2) Commercial businesses near main roads, 3) Main focus is transportation.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Give 3 characteristics of Harris's and Ullman's Model.

<ol> <li>Specialized cells of activity, 2) Similar economic activities together, 3) Heavy industry located near the edge of the city.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Give 3 characteristics of the Urban Realms Model.

<ol> <li>CBD and center city in the center, 2) CBD is surrounded by suburban downtowns, 3) Airport in the south.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is Urban Morphology?

Urban Morphology is the study of urban structure and how it changes. Signup and view all the answers

Give 2 reasons why farmers have moved to the suburbs.

<ol> <li>They can get a steady wage that is reliable, unlike farming. 2) Better schools.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Post-industrial Transition reference in cities?

<ol> <li>It is the shift from production of goods to provision of services, 2) Producing ideas is the main way to grow the economy.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Give 2 reasons why farmers on excellent soil farms near cities are selling.

<ol> <li>They are being offered millions of dollars for their land, 2) They can move to the city and live off of the money.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Give 2 characteristics of South East Asian cities.

<ol> <li>Rapidly growing, 2) Many coastal cities, 3) Very diverse culturally.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is Nucleation and why has it occurred in the Middle East?

Nucleation is coming together and clustering. Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 characteristics of the Suburban or Edge city.

<ol> <li>A relatively large urban area on the outskirts of a city, 2) Contains manufacturing centers, 3) Specialized nodes emerge here, like a collection of hotels and warehouses around a hotel.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 things you would find in the CBD.

<ol> <li>A concentration of business and commerce, 2) Clustering of the tallest buildings.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Name 2 favorable site factors where cities are found.

<ol> <li>Singapore - 100% urban, 2) Hong Kong - island and peninsula.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are squatter settlements and where are they found?

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. They are found in places like Venezuela, Chile, and Brazil in the slums. Signup and view all the answers

What is redlining and why is it used?

It is the refusal by financial institutions to lend money to risky neighborhood development. It is used to avoid wasting time and resources by lending to certain neighborhoods, creating ghettos. Signup and view all the answers

What is Urban Renewal?

Urban Renewal is the process in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire properties from private owners, relocate residents and businesses, clear the site, and build new roads and utilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is Zoning?

Zoning is the process of planning for land use by a locality to allocate certain kinds of structures in certain areas, including restrictions on building height, green space use, density, lot usage, and types of businesses. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

World Cities

Definition: Polycentric metropolises characterized by international companies and telecommunication hubs.
Examples include London, England, and Tokyo, Japan.

Site vs. Situation

Site refers to a city's exact physical location and characteristics.
Situation describes a location's relationship to surrounding areas.

Burgess's Model

Central Business District (CBD) is located at the center.
Surrounding area consists of a zone of transition.
Independent workers' homes are located in the outer zones.

Hoyt's Model

Low-income housing is situated near railroad lines.
Commercial businesses are positioned along main roads.
Transportation serves as the primary focus of urban structure.

Harris's and Ullman's Model

Also referred to as the multiple nuclei model.
Features specialized urban activity centers.
Similar economic activities cluster together; heavy industry is typically located on the city’s edges.

Urban Realms Model

Visualized as a "pepperoni pizza" model with a central CBD.
The CBD is surrounded by suburban downtowns.
An airport is positioned to the south of the center city.

Urban Morphology

Defined as the study of urban structure and the evolution of city landscapes ("cityscapes").

Farmers Moving to Suburbs

Shift to suburbs allows for a stable, reliable wage compared to farming.
Access to better educational facilities for families.

Post-industrial Transition in Cities

Characterized by a shift from goods production to service provision.
Economic growth increasingly derived from producing and sharing ideas.

Sale of Fertile Farm Land

Farmers with rich soil are selling land for millions of dollars.
Proceeds from sales enable relocation to urban settings.

Characteristics of South East Asian Cities

Cities are rapidly expanding.
Many are located along coastal regions.
Culturally, they are highly diverse.

Nucleation in the Middle East

Nucleation refers to clustering and the consolidation of population centers.
Specific reasons for this phenomenon were not provided.

Suburban or Edge City

Defined as a significant urban area located on a city’s outskirts.
Typically contains various manufacturing centers.
Often features specialized nodes, such as hotels and warehouses.

Central Business District (CBD)

Characterized by a high concentration of business and commerce.
Notable for clustering some of the tallest buildings.

Favorable Site Factors for City Locations

Singapore is notable for being 100% urban.
Hong Kong has a strategic coastal position as an island and peninsula.

Squatter Settlements

Defined as areas where individuals establish illegal residences on unowned or unrented land.
Commonly found in developing countries like Venezuela, Chile, and Brazil.

Redlining

Refers to the practice where financial institutions deny loans for development in deemed risky neighborhoods.
Used to avoid perceived financial losses, inadvertently fostering the creation of ghettos.

Urban Renewal

Involves identifying and revitalizing blighted neighborhoods by acquiring properties, relocating residents, clearing sites, and constructing new infrastructure.

Zoning

Represents the planning process for land use designated by local authorities.
Involves restrictions on building height, green spaces, urban density, lot usage, and types of businesses allowed.

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Description

Prepare for your AP Human Geography exam with these essay test questions covering key concepts such as world cities and the differences between site and situation. Perfect for review or flashcard study, these questions will enhance your understanding of urban geography and its global implications.