Questions and Answers
What is an antecedent boundary?
What is the definition of a boundary?
An indivisible line marking the extent of a state's territory.
What are centrifugal forces?
The outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body.
What are centripetal forces?
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What is a choke point?
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What is a city-state?
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What is colonialism?
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What are colonies?
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What is the Commonwealth of Independent States?
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What is a compact state?
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What is a confederation?
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What are cultural boundaries?
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What is decolonization?
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What is devolution?
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What is an elongated state?
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What is an enclave?
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What is the European Union?
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What is an exclave?
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What is an exclusive economic zone?
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What are federal states?
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What are fragmented states?
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What is a frontier?
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What are geometric boundaries?
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What is geopolitical?
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What is the heartland theory?
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What are high seas?
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What is imperialism?
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What are international organizations?
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What is a landlocked state?
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What are maritime boundaries?
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What are median lines?
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What are microstates?
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What are multinational states?
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What is a nation?
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What is a nation-state?
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What is the North American Free Trade Agreement?
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What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
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What is the organic theory?
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What is a perforated state?
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What are physical boundaries?
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What is a prorupted state?
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What is reapportionment?
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What is redistricting?
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What are religious boundaries?
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What is rimland?
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What is self-determination?
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What is sovereignty?
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What is a state?
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What is stateless?
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What are subsequent boundaries?
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What are superimposed boundaries?
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What are supranational organizations?
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What is a territorial sea?
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What is terrorism?
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What is a unitary state?
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What is the United Nations?
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What is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas?
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What is the Warsaw Pact?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Political Geography
- Antecedent Boundaries: Established before current cultural landscapes were formed.
- Boundary: An indelible line marking the extent of a state's territory.
Forces Affecting State Unity
- Centrifugal Forces: Outward forces impacting a body in a curved path around another.
- Centripetal Forces: Attitudes or elements that unify people and garner state support.
Geopolitical Features
- Choke Point: A crucial geographical feature that can limit military movement, such as valleys or straits.
- City-State: A sovereign state comprising a city and its surrounding countryside.
Historical and Political Context
- Colonialism: A country's attempt to establish settlements and impose its governance on another territory.
- Colonies: Territories legally linked to a sovereign state but lacking full independence.
Political Alliances and Organizations
- Commonwealth of Independent States: Alliance of former Soviet republics established post-1991.
- European Union: Key economic organization in Western Europe aimed at promoting development through cooperation.
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Military alliance of 16 democratic states designed to maintain balance in Europe.
- Supranational Organizations: Entities that operate beyond national boundaries, such as the World Bank.
State Shapes and Characteristics
- Compact State: A state with a roughly circular shape; examples include Rwanda.
- Elongated State: A long and narrow state shape; examples are Chile and Italy.
- Fragmented States: States with discontinuous territories; examples include Indonesia and Alaska.
- Perforated State: A state entirely surrounded by another state, like South Africa.
- Prorupted State: A compact state with a significant extension; notable examples include Congo and Afghanistan.
Territorial Dynamics
- Landlocked State: A state with no direct access to the sea.
- Exclusive Economic Zone: A sea zone extending 200 nautical miles from a state's coastline where it holds special rights over marine resources.
- Territorial Sea: Coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles from a state's baseline.
Boundaries and Borders
- Cultural Boundaries: Boundaries matching ethnic differences in language and religion.
- Geometric Boundaries: Straight-line political boundaries not related to physical or cultural distinctions.
- Subsequent Boundaries: Established through long-term processes reflecting cultural shifts.
- Superimposed Boundaries: Boundaries enforced upon inhabitants to address conflicts.
Concepts of Governance
- Decolonization: The transition from colonial rule to independence.
- Self-Determination: The right of ethnic groups to govern themselves.
- Sovereignty: The state of having governing authority without external control.
- Federal States: States with distributed power between central and local governments, such as the United States and India.
- Unitary State: A political system prioritizing power in a central government.
The Role of Violence and Control
- Terrorism: The use of violence against civilians to achieve political or ideological aims.
- Imperialism: Control exercised over territories already inhabited by indigenous societies.
Key Theoretical Frameworks
- Heartland Theory: Hypothesis by Halford Mackinder proposing that control of Eurasia leads to global dominance.
- Organic Theory: Strategy suggesting that states need land to grow, akin to biological organisms.
Additional Terms and Definitions
- Enclave: A territory within the boundaries of another.
- Exclave: A territory politically attached to another but not contiguous.
- Rimland: The region surrounding the heartland.
- Median Lines: Techniques for creating boundaries based on mid-points between two areas.
International Law and Governance
- United Nations: An international body formed post-WWII to promote peace.
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas: Defines national rights and responsibilities in ocean use and resource management.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms from Chapter 8 of AP Human Geography. This quiz includes definitions and explanations for concepts like boundaries and forces affecting cultural landscapes. Use these flashcards to prepare effectively for your exams.