AP Human Geography Chapter 4 and 5 Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between assimilation and acculturation? Give 2 real-world examples.

Assimilation involves adapting to a common culture, such as Mexican immigrants conforming to US societal demands. Acculturation involves displacing another culture, like the Spanish conquistadors driving out Native Americans.

What is the difference between pop culture and folk culture? Give 2 examples.

Pop culture is found in large, heterogeneous groups (e.g., pop music created for sale), while folk culture is practiced by small, homogeneous groups (e.g., folk music passed orally through generations).

What are the basic components of culture? Give examples of how they can differ in two different places.

Basic components include food, shelter, clothing, language, music, and religion. For example, the national language in Mexico is Spanish, while in India, it is Hindi.

What role does technology play in the diffusion of culture? How does this impact folk culture?

Technology like social media increases connectivity and spreads cultures, impacting folk culture by providing exposure while allowing retention of traditional practices. Signup and view all the answers

Can you provide an example of societies that do not mix despite being in close proximity? What are the barriers?

The heavily restricted border between North and South Korea creates distinct governments and cultures, with North Korea being strict and South Korea permissive. Signup and view all the answers

What do the statements 'Westernization as Modernization' and 'Globalization as Westernization' mean?

'Westernization as Modernization' refers to undeveloped countries adopting Western culture, while 'Globalization as Westernization' describes how some cultures are acculturated by Western influences. Signup and view all the answers

How are languages classified? Provide an example for each level.

Languages are classified into family, branch, and dialect levels. For example: Language family - Indo-European, Language branch - Germanic, Dialect - North Germanic, Language - Danish. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the historical diffusion of the English language from its origins to today.

English originated with the Celts in the British Isles around 200 B.C. It evolved through invasions by Germanic, Viking, and Norman tribes, leading to significant diffusion to the New World in the 17th century. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dialect and an isogloss?

Dialect is a regional variety of language distinguished by spelling, grammar, and pronunciation. Isogloss is a boundary separating regions defined by language differences. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major language families and where are they located?

Sino-Tibetan in Southern/Eastern Asia, Niger-Congo in Sub-Saharan Africa, Austronesian in Madagascar and SE Asia, Altaic in Southern/Middle Eastern Asia, Dravidian in Southern India, Afro-Asiatic in the Middle East, Indo-European in the Western Hemisphere, Japanese in Japan, and Korean in Korea. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Assimilation vs. Acculturation

Assimilation involves adapting to a dominant culture, exemplified by Mexican immigrants embracing U.S. societal norms.
Acculturation occurs when one culture displaces another, as seen with Spanish conquistadors displacing Native American cultures.

Pop Culture vs. Folk Culture

Pop culture is associated with large, diverse groups, as demonstrated by commercially produced pop music.
Folk culture is tied to small, homogeneous groups, characterized by orally passed folk music that originates anonymously.

Basic Components of Culture

Key components of culture include food, shelter, clothing, language, music, and religion.
National language varies greatly: Spanish in Mexico contrasts with Hindi in India, highlighting cultural differences.

Technology and Cultural Diffusion

Technology, such as social media, enhances cultural connectivity, spreading Western pop culture globally.
However, folk culture may remain unaffected; for example, German children enjoy American music while preserving local nursery rhymes.

Cultural Proximity and Barriers

North and South Korea exhibit starkly different cultures due to their highly controlled border, leading to varied governance and social norms.
Physical and language barriers contribute to cultural isolation, demonstrating a challenge to Tobler's Law.

Westernization and Globalization

"Westernization as Modernization" describes developing countries adopting Western practices viewed as modern.
"Globalization as Westernization" examines how enhanced connectivity leads to the adoption of Western cultural traits by various societies.

Language Classification

Languages are categorized hierarchically: language family (Indo-European), language branch (Germanic), secondary branch (North Germanic), down to specific languages (Danish).

Historical Diffusion of the English Language

English developed from Celtic origins in the British Isles around 200 B.C.
It evolved significantly through invasions by Germanic, Viking, and Norman tribes, with major diffusion occurring during the 17th century to the New World.

Dialect and Isogloss

A dialect represents a regional variant of language with unique spelling, grammar, and pronunciation.
An isogloss marks the geographic boundaries that separate different language variations.

Major Language Families

Sino-Tibetan: Southern and eastern Asia
Niger-Congo: Sub-Saharan Africa
Austronesian: Madagascar and Southeast Asia
Altaic: Southern and Middle Eastern Asia
Dravidian: Southern India
Afro-Asiatic: Middle East
Indo-European: Western Hemisphere
Japanese: Japan
Korean: Korea

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 4 and 5 of AP Human Geography, particularly the differences between assimilation and acculturation. You'll explore real-world examples that illustrate these processes in various cultural contexts. Get ready to deepen your understanding of cultural interactions and their implications.