AP Human Geography Chapter 3 Review

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Questions and Answers

What is net migration?

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

What does circulation refer to in terms of migration?

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that occur on a regular basis.

What are push factors?

Factors causing people to leave a location.

Who are refugees?

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution. Signup and view all the answers

What is an intervening obstacle?

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration. Signup and view all the answers

What is international migration?

Permanent movement from one country to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is internal migration?

Permanent movement within a particular country. Signup and view all the answers

What is interregional migration?

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. Signup and view all the answers

What does forced migration mean?

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is chain migration?

Migration of people because relatives or friends previously migrated there. Signup and view all the answers

What are quotas in terms of immigration?

Maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year. Signup and view all the answers

What is brain drain?

Large-scale emigration by talented people. Signup and view all the answers

What are guest workers?

Workers who migrate to more developed countries from less developed countries in search of higher-paying jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What is migration transition?

Changes in a society because of industrialization, population growth, etc. Signup and view all the answers

In what stage is international migration significant?

Stage 2. Signup and view all the answers

What stage is internal migration significant?

Stage 3/4. Signup and view all the answers

Why do people in stage 2 countries internationally migrate?

Crowded and not many economic opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the #1 push factor?

Political. Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest group of refugees currently?

Iraq and Afghanistan. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'distance decay' refer to in voluntary migration?

The concept that the likelihood of migration decreases as the distance increases. Signup and view all the answers

What are economic pull factors?

More job opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

What is counterurbanization?

Net migration from urban to rural areas. Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the World-Systems Theory & Model?

Immanuel Wallerstein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the gravity model in migration?

The larger the population, the more pull you have. Signup and view all the answers

What is suburbanization?

Intraregional migration from cities to suburbs for lifestyle changes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Migration Concepts

Net Migration: Difference between immigration and emigration levels.
Circulation: Short-term, repetitive movements occurring regularly.
Push Factors: Reasons driving people to leave a location, such as economic instability or persecution.
Pull Factors: Attractions that draw individuals to a new location, predominantly economic opportunities.
Refugees: Individuals forced to migrate and unable to return due to fear of persecution.

Migration Types

International Migration: Permanent relocation between countries.
Internal Migration: Permanent movement within a country.
Interregional Migration: Movement from one region of a country to another.
Forced Migration: Compelled movement due to cultural, political or environmental factors.
Chain Migration: Migration influenced by relatives or friends who have already moved.

Migration Patterns and Trends

Migration Transition: Societal changes due to industrialization and population growth, influencing migration patterns.
Laws of Migration: Most migrants relocate short distances; long-distance migrants tend to move to major economic centers.
Gender Dynamics: Long-distance migrants are mostly male; females typically migrate within regions.
Economic Migration: The primary reason for migration is economic opportunity, with political and environmental factors also significant.

Migration Phases

Stage 2: Characterized by high international emigration and movement from rural to urban areas.
Stages 3 & 4: Characterized by high international immigration and movement from cities to suburbs.
Youth Migration: Migration predominately involves younger individuals seeking opportunities.

Key Historical Contexts

U.S. Immigration Peaks: Significant immigration waves from Ireland and Germany during the mid-19th century.
Recent Immigration Patterns: Post-1960s immigration shifts toward Asia and Latin America.
Colonial Era: Included voluntary migration from British settlers and forced migration via slavery from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Demographics and Global Trends

Net-Out Migration Regions: Asia, Latin America, and Africa typically demonstrate net-out migration.
Net-In Migration Regions: Anglo-America, Europe, and Oceania attract migrants.
Largest Refugee Groups: Predominantly from Iraq and Afghanistan; IDPs majorly from Colombia and Sudan.

Environmental and Economic Factors

Environmental Push Factors: Includes natural disasters and adverse living conditions.
Economic Pull Factors: Job opportunities and higher living standards are major incentives for migration.
Suburbanization: Movement from urban to suburban areas reflects lifestyle changes.

Quotas and Policies

Quotas: Established limits on the number of immigrants allowed annually, with modern preferences focusing on family reunification and skilled workers.
Changes in Quotas: Transitioned from primarily accepting European immigrants to a more global focus.

Counterurbanization: Movement from urban areas back to rural locations, often seen in older populations.
Transhumance: Seasonal movement of livestock, reflecting agricultural practices.
Place Utility: The attractiveness and perceived opportunities of a location influencing migration decisions.

Specific Regions and Events

Southwest Asia: Guest worker migration fueled by labor shortages in oil-rich countries.
Southeast Asia: Significant emigration due to conflicts like the Vietnam War.
Brazil's Forward Capital: Brasília established to encourage population distribution and development in the sparsely populated interior.

Theoretical Frameworks

World-Systems Theory: Developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, categorizes countries into core, semi-periphery, and periphery.
Gravity Model of Migration: Suggests that migration pull is related to population size and inversely to distance.

Unique Migration Phenomena

Brain Drain: Emigration of talented individuals seeking better opportunities abroad.
Migration Selectivity: Attributes such as age, gender, and education level influence migration likelihood.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms in AP Human Geography Chapter 3. This quiz covers important concepts like net migration, push factors, and circulation patterns. Perfect for reviewing before exams or deepening your understanding of migration concepts.