AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Flashcards

Study Notes

Types of Agriculture

Pastoral Nomadism
- Subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
- Predominantly found in dry climates of developing countries (e.g., Middle East, North Africa)
- Common animals include camels, goats, sheep, and cattle
Shifting Cultivation
- Involves shifting agricultural activity between fields periodically
- Characterized by 'slash and burn' technique
- Found in tropical and humid regions of developing countries (e.g., Amazon, Central Africa)
- Key crops include upland rice (Southeast Asia), maize (South America), and millet/sorghum (Africa)
Transhumance
- Seasonal migration between different pastures, typically from mountains to lowlands
Intensive Subsistence - Wet Rice
- Requires intense labor to cultivate small parcels of land
- Feeds about 75% of the global population in developing nations
- Lacks machinery; uses manual labor or animal power
- Common in humid climates with distinct seasons (e.g., China, India)
- Crop rotation typically involves wet rice followed by barley, wheat, or tobacco
Plantation Farming
- Commercial farming focused on one or two cash crops for sale
- Predominantly occurs in developing countries (e.g., Latin America)
- Key crops are cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, bananas, and tea
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
- Combines crop cultivation with livestock rearing, primarily feeding animals with crops
- Generates approximately 75% of income from animal products (meat, eggs)
- Popular in developed regions, especially Europe and North America
- Typical combinations include hay with pigs, chickens, and cows
Dairy Farming
- Primarily involves the production of milk from cows
- Considered the most important type of farming in this category
- Surrounding areas are referred to as a milkshed where milk is distributed globally
Commercial Gardening/Fruit Farming
- Also known as truck farming, focused on the sale of fruits and vegetables
- Predominantly found in developed countries (e.g., Southeastern United States)
- Common products include apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, mushrooms, and potatoes
Livestock Ranching
- Involves commercial grazing on semiarid or dry lands
- Found in developed countries with poor soil for crop cultivation
- Often associated with cattle farming
Subsistence Agriculture
- Farming aimed at producing food for the farmer's family
- Commonly practiced in developing countries
Commercial Agriculture
- Agriculture focused on producing crops for sale rather than personal consumption
- Primarily located in developed countries
Grain Farming
- Involves the cultivation of grains for human consumption on a large scale
- Utilizes machinery; can grow in diverse climates from warm to harsh
- Major producers include China and India, with key crops like wheat and hay
Mediterranean Agriculture
- Characterized by farming activities along coastal regions, especially on the western coasts of continents
- Focuses on horticulture with no dairy farming
- Common crops include olives, grapes, and various cereals

Description

Test your knowledge on the different types of agriculture covered in Chapter 10 of AP Human Geography. This quiz includes essential terms like pastoral nomadism and shifting cultivation, along with their definitions and contexts. Perfect for students preparing for exams in this subject!