AP Government Court Cases Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education?

  • It overturned the Separate but Equal standard. (correct)
  • It established the Separate but Equal standard.
  • It mandated school prayer.
  • It dealt with gender discrimination.

    • What does Gideon v. Wainwright guarantee?

    The right to a lawyer for defendants who cannot afford one.

    What fundamental right was established in Griswold v. Connecticut?

    The right to privacy.

    What principle was established by Marbury v. Madison?

    <p>Judicial review.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Miranda v. Arizona?

    <p>It established that suspects have the right to remain silent and consult a lawyer upon arrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson?

    <p>Separate but equal facilities were deemed constitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Schenck v. United States address?

    <p>Limits on free speech and the clear and present danger standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ruling did Roe v. Wade provide?

    <p>Decriminalized abortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the ruling in Craig v. Boren address?

    <p>Gender classification standards related to government objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Miller v. California?

    <p>It established the obscenity clause related to the LAPS test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by Lemon v. Kurtzman?

    <p>Guidelines for government actions regarding religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Fletcher v. Peck uphold?

    <p>The sanctity of contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?

    <p>States cannot tax the federal government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle did Dartmouth College v. Woodward establish?

    <p>Protection of colonial charters under the contract clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gibbons v. Ogden clarify?

    <p>Congressional power over interstate commerce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Korematsu v. U.S. uphold?

    <p>The constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What right was guaranteed in Escobedo v. Illinois?

    <p>Access to a lawyer before police questioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of U.S. v. Richard Nixon?

    <p>Nixon's claim of absolute privilege was rejected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about Bakke v. Regents of the University of California?

    <p>It dealt with affirmative action programs using race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brandenburg v. Ohio determine?

    <p>Advocacy of violence for political reform is constitutional under certain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What right was guaranteed by Duncan v. Louisiana?

    <p>The right to a trial by jury for sentences of two years or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precedent was established by Gitlow v. New York?

    <p>States cannot deny freedom of speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test was provided by Palko v. Connecticut?

    <p>Determining parts of the Bill of Rights that should be federalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mapp v. Ohio establish?

    <p>Exclusionary rule for illegally obtained evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ruling of Engel v. Vitale?

    <p>Prohibited state-sponsored prayer in public schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Landmark Supreme Court Cases

    • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Overturned "Separate but Equal" doctrine, declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

    • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Established the right to free legal counsel for defendants who cannot afford an attorney in felony trials.

    • Griswold v. Connecticut (1965): Recognized an implicit right to privacy in the Constitution, particularly concerning marital relations and contraception.

    • Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established the foundation of judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate laws conflicting with the Constitution.

    • Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Affirmed that individuals in police custody must be informed of their rights to remain silent and consult an attorney.

    • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Upheld racial segregation under "Separate but Equal" doctrine, a decision later overturned by Brown v. Board.

    • Schenck v. United States (1919): Introduced the "clear and present danger" test for limiting free speech, particularly in wartime.

    • Roe v. Wade (1973): Decriminalized abortion, asserting a woman’s right to choose based on privacy rights.

    • Craig v. Boren (1976): Set a precedent that gender classifications must have a significant government objective, shifting the standard to intermediate scrutiny.

    • Miller v. California (1973): Defined obscenity and established the LAPS test (Literary, Artistic, Political, or Scientific value) for determining what constitutes as obscene material.

    • Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971): Created the Lemon Test to evaluate government involvement with religion, ensuring it neither advances nor inhibits religion.

    • Fletcher v. Peck (1810): Reinforced the sanctity of contracts, stemming from land disputes in Georgia.

    • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Asserted federal supremacy by ruling that states cannot tax the federal government, supporting the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.

    • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): Upheld the protection of corporate charters under the contract clause, stopping New Hampshire from altering the college's charter.

    • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Clarified the scope of the commerce clause, reinforcing Congressional authority over interstate commerce.

    • Korematsu v. United States (1944): Upheld the internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII as a wartime necessity, a decision heavily criticized post-war.

    • Escobedo v. Illinois (1964): Confirmed the right to legal counsel during police questioning, enhancing protections for defendants.

    • U.S. v. Nixon (1974): Limited executive privilege, ruling that the president is not above the law, particularly in the context of judicial processes.

    • Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978): Split ruling on affirmative action; upheld race as one factor in admissions but criticized rigid quotas.

    • Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969): Protected inflammatory speech, asserting that advocacy of violence is permissible unless it incites imminent lawless action.

    • Duncan v. Louisiana (1968): Affirmed the right to a jury trial when faced with potential imprisonment of six months or more.

    • Gitlow v. New York (1925): Applied the First Amendment's free speech protections to the states through the 14th Amendment; established the precedent for federalizing the Bill of Rights.

    • Palko v. Connecticut (1937): Determined which parts of the Bill of Rights are essential for liberty, serving as a standard for incorporation.

    • Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Established the exclusionary rule, preventing the use of illegally obtained evidence in court.

    • Engel v. Vitale (1962): Prohibited state-sponsored prayer in public schools, citing the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

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    Test your knowledge on key Supreme Court cases in AP Government with these flashcards. This quiz covers landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education and Gideon v. Wainwright, which have significantly shaped American legal standards. Prepare for your upcoming exam and deepen your understanding of constitutional law.

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