Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a Bicameral Legislature?
What is a Bicameral Legislature?
What is a filibuster?
What is a filibuster?
An attempt to defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely.
What are marginal districts?
What are marginal districts?
Political districts in which candidates win elections by less than 55 percent of the vote.
What are safe districts?
What are safe districts?
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What is a Conservative Coalition?
What is a Conservative Coalition?
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Who is the Majority Leader?
Who is the Majority Leader?
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Who is the Minority Leader?
Who is the Minority Leader?
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What is the role of a Whip?
What is the role of a Whip?
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What does Party Polarization refer to?
What does Party Polarization refer to?
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What is a Caucus?
What is a Caucus?
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What are Standing Committees?
What are Standing Committees?
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What are Select Committees?
What are Select Committees?
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What are Joint Committees?
What are Joint Committees?
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What are Conference Committees?
What are Conference Committees?
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What is a Proxy?
What is a Proxy?
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What is a Public Bill?
What is a Public Bill?
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What is a Private Bill?
What is a Private Bill?
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What is a Simple Resolution?
What is a Simple Resolution?
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What is a Concurrent Resolution?
What is a Concurrent Resolution?
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What is a Joint Resolution?
What is a Joint Resolution?
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What is Multiple Referral?
What is Multiple Referral?
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What is Sequential Referral?
What is Sequential Referral?
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What is a Discharge Petition?
What is a Discharge Petition?
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What is a Closed Rule?
What is a Closed Rule?
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What is an Open Rule?
What is an Open Rule?
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What is a Restrictive Rule?
What is a Restrictive Rule?
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What is a Quorum?
What is a Quorum?
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What is a Quorum Call?
What is a Quorum Call?
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What is a Cloture Rule?
What is a Cloture Rule?
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What is Double-Tracking?
What is Double-Tracking?
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What is a Voice Vote?
What is a Voice Vote?
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What is a Division Vote?
What is a Division Vote?
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What is a Teller Vote?
What is a Teller Vote?
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What is a Roll-Call Vote?
What is a Roll-Call Vote?
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What is Pork-Barrel Legislation?
What is Pork-Barrel Legislation?
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What is Franking Privilege?
What is Franking Privilege?
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What is Incumbency?
What is Incumbency?
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What are Riders?
What are Riders?
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What are Christmas Tree Bills?
What are Christmas Tree Bills?
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What is a Representational View?
What is a Representational View?
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What is an Organizational View?
What is an Organizational View?
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What is an Attitudinal View?
What is an Attitudinal View?
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What are the requirements to be in the House of Representatives?
What are the requirements to be in the House of Representatives?
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What are the requirements to be in the Senate?
What are the requirements to be in the Senate?
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What is the function of the Congressional Research Service (CRS)?
What is the function of the Congressional Research Service (CRS)?
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What does the General Accounting Office (GAO) do?
What does the General Accounting Office (GAO) do?
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What was the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)?
What was the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)?
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What is the purpose of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)?
What is the purpose of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)?
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What is Calendar Wednesday?
What is Calendar Wednesday?
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Study Notes
Legislative Structure and Functions
- Bicameral Legislature: Comprises two chambers—House of Representatives and Senate.
- Filibuster: Senate tactic involving prolonged debate to obstruct bill action.
- Marginal Districts: House districts where elections are won by less than 55% of the vote, indicating competitiveness.
- Safe Districts: Elections in these districts are won by 55% or more, often guaranteeing incumbents' re-elections.
Political Alliances and Leadership
- Conservative Coalition: An alliance between Republican and conservative Democratic members.
- Majority Leader: The elected leader of the party holding the majority in either House.
- Minority Leader: Elected leader of the party with fewer seats in either House.
- Whip: Member who assists party leadership by gauging party member opinions and managing party discipline.
Voting and Decision-Making
- Party Polarization: Majority of Democrats oppose the majority of Republicans on votes.
- Caucus: A congressional group formed to promote shared political interests or ideologies.
Congressional Committees
- Standing Committees: Permanent committees focused on specific legislative areas.
- Select Committees: Temporary committees created for specific tasks or investigations.
- Joint Committees: Committees composed of both Senators and Representatives.
- Conference Committees: Resolve discrepancies between House and Senate versions of legislation.
Legislative Processes and Procedures
- Public Bill: Legislation addressing broad public issues.
- Private Bill: Concerns specific personal, local, or private matters.
- Simple Resolution: Opinion statement for internal procedures.
- Concurrent Resolution: Opinions requiring approval from both Houses; no presidential signature needed.
- Joint Resolution: Formal expressions of Congress needing approval from both houses and the President, except constitutional amendments.
Referral and Voting Mechanisms
- Multiple Referral: A bill referred to multiple committees simultaneously.
- Sequential Referral: A bill sent to a second committee after the first committee’s review.
- Discharge Petition: Members can bring a bill to the floor if it's been in committee for 30 days.
- Closed Rule: A restriction that limits debate and amendments on a bill.
- Open Rule: Allows floor amendments to a bill.
- Restrictive Rule: Permits certain amendments while disallowing others.
Voting Techniques
- Quorum: Minimum number of members needed for Congress to conduct business.
- Quorum Call: Roll call to confirm if a quorum is present.
- Cloture Rule: Senate rule to end or limit debate.
- Double-Tracking: Allows Senate business to continue during a filibuster by shelving controversial bills temporarily.
Voting Procedures
- Voice Vote: Members express approval or disapproval vocally, allowing for quick decisions.
- Division Vote: Members physically stand for counting votes.
- Teller Vote: Members pass between two tellers for a counted vote.
- Roll-Call Vote: Members respond verbally to their names during voting.
Legislative Strategies and Benefits
- Pork-Barrel Legislation: Allocates benefits to constituents to gain political support.
- Franking Privilege: Allows easy communication with constituents by mailing without charge.
- Incumbency: Benefits of holding office that assist in re-election efforts.
Legislative Techniques and Amendments
- Riders: Unrelated amendments attached to bills, often seen as pork-barrel legislation.
- Christmas Tree Bills: Bills with many riders to increase likelihood of passage.
Congressional Representation Models
- Representational View: Voting aligned with constituents' preferences for reelection purposes.
- Organizational View: Voting based on party cues and peer influence.
- Attitudinal View: Voting based on individual ideology and political beliefs.
Composition of Congress
- House of Representatives: Members must be 25 years old, U.S. citizens for 7 years, serving 2-year terms, with 435 total members and a Speaker leading them.
- Senate: Members must be 30 years old and U.S. citizens for 4 years; 100 total members serving 6-year terms, led by the Vice President.
Support Agencies and Procedures
- Congressional Research Service (CRS): Fact-checks and provides unbiased information on policies without taking stances.
- General Accounting Office (GAO): Conducts audits of federal spending and provides oversight on government agencies.
- Office of Technology Assessment (OTA): Evaluated technological policies; dissolved in 1995.
- Congressional Budget Office (CBO): Analyzes budget proposals and legislation cost implications.
Procedural Highlights
- Calendar Wednesday: Procedures allowing House committees to propose non-privileged measures for floor discussion on Wednesdays.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 13 of AP Government. Learn important terms such as 'bicameral legislature' and 'filibuster', and understand their significance in the legislative process. Perfect for students preparing for exams or trying to reinforce their understanding of U.S. government structure.