AP Government Chapter 13 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a Bicameral Legislature?

  • A type of congressional committee
  • A lawmaking body made up of three chambers
  • A lawmaking body made up of two chambers (correct)
  • A parliamentary procedure
  • What is a filibuster?

    An attempt to defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely.

    What are marginal districts?

    Political districts in which candidates win elections by less than 55 percent of the vote.

    What are safe districts?

    <p>Districts in which incumbents win by margins of 55 percent or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Conservative Coalition?

    <p>An alliance between Republicans and conservative Democrats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Majority Leader?

    <p>The legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Minority Leader?

    <p>The legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Whip?

    <p>A senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about party members' thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Party Polarization refer to?

    <p>A vote in which a majority of Democratic legislators oppose a majority of Republican legislators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Caucus?

    <p>An association of Congress members created to advance a political ideology or interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Standing Committees?

    <p>Permanently established legislative committees responsible for legislation within a subject area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Select Committees?

    <p>Congressional committees appointed for a limited time and purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Joint Committees?

    <p>Committees on which both senators and representatives serve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Conference Committees?

    <p>A joint committee appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of a bill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Proxy?

    <p>A written authorization to cast another person's vote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Public Bill?

    <p>A legislative bill that deals with matters of general concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Private Bill?

    <p>A legislative bill that deals only with specific, private, personal, or local matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Simple Resolution?

    <p>An expression of opinion either in the House or Senate to settle procedural matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Concurrent Resolution?

    <p>An expression of opinion without the force of law that requires approval from both the House and Senate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Joint Resolution?

    <p>A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses and the president.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Multiple Referral?

    <p>A congressional process whereby a bill may be referred to several committees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sequential Referral?

    <p>A congressional process by which a speaker may send a bill to a second committee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Discharge Petition?

    <p>A device by which any member of the House may petition to have a bill brought to the floor after thirty days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Closed Rule?

    <p>An order from the House Rules Committee that sets a time limit on debate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Open Rule?

    <p>An order from the House Rules Committee that permits a bill to be amended on the floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Restrictive Rule?

    <p>An order from the House Rules Committee that permits certain amendments but not others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Quorum?

    <p>The minimum number of members required for business to be conducted in Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Quorum Call?

    <p>A roll call in either house to check if the minimum number of representatives is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cloture Rule?

    <p>A rule used by the Senate to end or limit debate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Double-Tracking?

    <p>A procedure to keep the Senate going during a filibuster by shelving a disputed bill temporarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Voice Vote?

    <p>A voting procedure where members shout 'yea' or 'nay' for quick votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Division Vote?

    <p>A voting procedure where members stand and are counted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Teller Vote?

    <p>A voting procedure in which members pass between two tellers to register their votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Roll-Call Vote?

    <p>A voting procedure where members respond 'yea' or 'nay' as their names are called.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pork-Barrel Legislation?

    <p>Legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in exchange for votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Franking Privilege?

    <p>The ability of members to mail letters to constituents free of charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Incumbency?

    <p>The fact that being in office helps a person stay in office due to various benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Riders?

    <p>Amendments to bills that often have nothing to do with the intent of the bill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Christmas Tree Bills?

    <p>Bills that have many riders to increase chances of being passed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Representational View?

    <p>When members of Congress vote to please their constituents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Organizational View?

    <p>When members of Congress vote based on cues from colleagues and party members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Attitudinal View?

    <p>When members of Congress vote based on their ideologies and political party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the requirements to be in the House of Representatives?

    <p>Must be 25 years old, 7 years of citizenship, serve a 2-year term, and there are 435 members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the requirements to be in the Senate?

    <p>Must be 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for 4 years, serve a 6-year term, and there are 100 members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Congressional Research Service (CRS)?

    <p>It looks up facts and indicates arguments for and against proposed policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the General Accounting Office (GAO) do?

    <p>Performs audits of money spent by executive departments and investigates agencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA)?

    <p>A congressional agency that studied policies with significant technological impact; abolished in 1995.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)?

    <p>Analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates legislation costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Calendar Wednesday?

    <p>A House procedure allowing committees to bring non-privileged measures for floor consideration on Wednesdays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Legislative Structure and Functions

    • Bicameral Legislature: Comprises two chambers—House of Representatives and Senate.
    • Filibuster: Senate tactic involving prolonged debate to obstruct bill action.
    • Marginal Districts: House districts where elections are won by less than 55% of the vote, indicating competitiveness.
    • Safe Districts: Elections in these districts are won by 55% or more, often guaranteeing incumbents' re-elections.

    Political Alliances and Leadership

    • Conservative Coalition: An alliance between Republican and conservative Democratic members.
    • Majority Leader: The elected leader of the party holding the majority in either House.
    • Minority Leader: Elected leader of the party with fewer seats in either House.
    • Whip: Member who assists party leadership by gauging party member opinions and managing party discipline.

    Voting and Decision-Making

    • Party Polarization: Majority of Democrats oppose the majority of Republicans on votes.
    • Caucus: A congressional group formed to promote shared political interests or ideologies.

    Congressional Committees

    • Standing Committees: Permanent committees focused on specific legislative areas.
    • Select Committees: Temporary committees created for specific tasks or investigations.
    • Joint Committees: Committees composed of both Senators and Representatives.
    • Conference Committees: Resolve discrepancies between House and Senate versions of legislation.

    Legislative Processes and Procedures

    • Public Bill: Legislation addressing broad public issues.
    • Private Bill: Concerns specific personal, local, or private matters.
    • Simple Resolution: Opinion statement for internal procedures.
    • Concurrent Resolution: Opinions requiring approval from both Houses; no presidential signature needed.
    • Joint Resolution: Formal expressions of Congress needing approval from both houses and the President, except constitutional amendments.

    Referral and Voting Mechanisms

    • Multiple Referral: A bill referred to multiple committees simultaneously.
    • Sequential Referral: A bill sent to a second committee after the first committee’s review.
    • Discharge Petition: Members can bring a bill to the floor if it's been in committee for 30 days.
    • Closed Rule: A restriction that limits debate and amendments on a bill.
    • Open Rule: Allows floor amendments to a bill.
    • Restrictive Rule: Permits certain amendments while disallowing others.

    Voting Techniques

    • Quorum: Minimum number of members needed for Congress to conduct business.
    • Quorum Call: Roll call to confirm if a quorum is present.
    • Cloture Rule: Senate rule to end or limit debate.
    • Double-Tracking: Allows Senate business to continue during a filibuster by shelving controversial bills temporarily.

    Voting Procedures

    • Voice Vote: Members express approval or disapproval vocally, allowing for quick decisions.
    • Division Vote: Members physically stand for counting votes.
    • Teller Vote: Members pass between two tellers for a counted vote.
    • Roll-Call Vote: Members respond verbally to their names during voting.

    Legislative Strategies and Benefits

    • Pork-Barrel Legislation: Allocates benefits to constituents to gain political support.
    • Franking Privilege: Allows easy communication with constituents by mailing without charge.
    • Incumbency: Benefits of holding office that assist in re-election efforts.

    Legislative Techniques and Amendments

    • Riders: Unrelated amendments attached to bills, often seen as pork-barrel legislation.
    • Christmas Tree Bills: Bills with many riders to increase likelihood of passage.

    Congressional Representation Models

    • Representational View: Voting aligned with constituents' preferences for reelection purposes.
    • Organizational View: Voting based on party cues and peer influence.
    • Attitudinal View: Voting based on individual ideology and political beliefs.

    Composition of Congress

    • House of Representatives: Members must be 25 years old, U.S. citizens for 7 years, serving 2-year terms, with 435 total members and a Speaker leading them.
    • Senate: Members must be 30 years old and U.S. citizens for 4 years; 100 total members serving 6-year terms, led by the Vice President.

    Support Agencies and Procedures

    • Congressional Research Service (CRS): Fact-checks and provides unbiased information on policies without taking stances.
    • General Accounting Office (GAO): Conducts audits of federal spending and provides oversight on government agencies.
    • Office of Technology Assessment (OTA): Evaluated technological policies; dissolved in 1995.
    • Congressional Budget Office (CBO): Analyzes budget proposals and legislation cost implications.

    Procedural Highlights

    • Calendar Wednesday: Procedures allowing House committees to propose non-privileged measures for floor discussion on Wednesdays.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 13 of AP Government. Learn important terms such as 'bicameral legislature' and 'filibuster', and understand their significance in the legislative process. Perfect for students preparing for exams or trying to reinforce their understanding of U.S. government structure.

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