Questions and Answers
What was Brutus an example of?
Anti-Federalist
Which of the following features of the United States Constitution would most concern the author of Brutus 1?
How did James Madison argue that the new constitution would help control factions?
By creating a large republic.
Why have efforts to make it illegal to burn the American flag been unsuccessful?
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Why were Southern states able to prevent most African Americans from voting despite the Fifteenth Amendment?
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Why did the Utah legislature disregard parts of the No Child Left Behind Act?
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What is a consequence of dynamic competition among branches of government?
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How do shifts in powers among branches ensure functional government?
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How do the views of the author compare with The Federalist 51 regarding separation of powers?
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How does the Constitution allow the federal government to gain compliance from states?
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What is a scenario illustrating compliance with federal policies?
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What best reflects James Madison's beliefs about political representation?
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What was Madison's primary concern about representative government?
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Which section of the United States Constitution most concerns Madison?
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Study Notes
Anti-Federalism vs. Federalism
- Brutus exemplified Anti-Federalist views, arguing that centralized government threatens individual rights.
- Key concern for Anti-Federalists includes the supremacy clause, which prioritizes federal over state authority.
Faction Control in a Republic
- James Madison, in Federalist 10, asserted that a large republic mitigates the risk of factions dominating governance.
Constitutional Amendment Process
- Public opinion polls indicated majority support for a ban on flag burning, yet amendments to enforce this have failed due to the framers’ design making the amendment process intentionally difficult to safeguard individual rights.
Voting Rights and State Authority
- Despite the Fifteenth Amendment granting voting rights to African American males, Southern states employed various restrictions due to the allowance of voting processes set by individual states.
Education Policy and Federalism
- Utah’s 2005 decision to ignore parts of the No Child Left Behind Act reflects ongoing debates about the national government’s role in education, as educational policy lacks explicit constitutional mention.
Balance of Governmental Power
- Healthy competition and dynamic interaction among government branches foster effective policy changes with minimal abuse of power.
Separation of Powers
- The structure ensuring separated powers enables checks and balances, promoting accountability across government branches as responsibilities shift between them.
Representative Government Concerns
- Both Madison and the passage's author agree that government structure plays a crucial role in managing ambitions among branches, ensuring a functional democracy.
- Madison believed political representation is best achieved through a limited number of chosen politicians conveying constituents’ interests while fearing they may act primarily in self-interest.
Compliance Mechanisms
- The Constitution empowers the federal government to impose laws that directly tax individuals, addressing state compliance issues under the Articles of Confederation.
- An example of compliance enforcement is leveraging federal highway funds to incentivize states to adopt specific policies such as raising the legal drinking age.
Legislative Structure Concerns
- Madison expressed particular concern over Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, which outlines the composition and election of the House of Representatives, reflecting his apprehensions about representative governance.
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Prepare for your AP Government Test with these flashcards focusing on key concepts like Anti-Federalists and the US Constitution. Each card delves into essential terms and their definitions, helping you to understand foundational ideas in American government. Perfect for quick review and retention before your exam.