Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is reapportionment?
What is reapportionment?
The assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census.
What does redistricting refer to?
What does redistricting refer to?
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census.
What is gerrymandering?
What is gerrymandering?
The drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent.
What is a safe seat?
What is a safe seat?
Signup and view all the answers
Who are incumbents?
Who are incumbents?
Signup and view all the answers
What does bicameralism refer to?
What does bicameralism refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are enumerated powers?
What are enumerated powers?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is the Speaker?
Who is the Speaker?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the majority leader?
What is the role of the majority leader?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the minority leader do?
What does the minority leader do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a whip in Congress?
What is a whip in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a party caucus?
What is a party caucus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a closed rule in Congress?
What is a closed rule in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an open rule in Congress?
What is an open rule in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the president pro tempore?
What is the president pro tempore?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hold in the Senate?
What is a hold in the Senate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a filibuster?
What is a filibuster?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cloture?
What is cloture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is senatorial courtesy?
What is senatorial courtesy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a standing committee?
What is a standing committee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a special or select committee?
What is a special or select committee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a joint committee?
What is a joint committee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the seniority rule?
What is the seniority rule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a conference committee?
What is a conference committee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a delegate in Congress?
What is a delegate in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a trustee in Congress?
What is a trustee in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the attentive public?
What is the attentive public?
Signup and view all the answers
What is logrolling?
What is logrolling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a discharge petition?
What is a discharge petition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a rider?
What is a rider?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a pocket veto?
What is a pocket veto?
Signup and view all the answers
What does override mean in Congress?
What does override mean in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is centralization in congressional power?
What is centralization in congressional power?
Signup and view all the answers
What is decentralization in congressional power?
What is decentralization in congressional power?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a rules committee?
What is a rules committee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 17th Amendment about?
What is the 17th Amendment about?
Signup and view all the answers
What does adjournment refer to in Congress?
What does adjournment refer to in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
Terms are two years long, divided into year-long ________.
Terms are two years long, divided into year-long ________.
Signup and view all the answers
What are recesses in Congress?
What are recesses in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
Where must revenue bills originate?
Where must revenue bills originate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the line of succession?
What is the line of succession?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the majority party?
What is the majority party?
Signup and view all the answers
What does parliamentary procedure refer to?
What does parliamentary procedure refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does US Term Limits vs. Thornton represent?
What does US Term Limits vs. Thornton represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the President of the Senate?
What is the President of the Senate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a docket?
What is a docket?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a pork barrel project?
What is a pork barrel project?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the 27th Amendment prevent?
What does the 27th Amendment prevent?
Signup and view all the answers
What are honoraria?
What are honoraria?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the franking privilege?
What is the franking privilege?
Signup and view all the answers
What is legislative immunity?
What is legislative immunity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a census?
What is a census?
Signup and view all the answers
What is packing in gerrymandering?
What is packing in gerrymandering?
Signup and view all the answers
What does cracking refer to in gerrymandering?
What does cracking refer to in gerrymandering?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the outcome of Baker vs. Carr?
What was the outcome of Baker vs. Carr?
Signup and view all the answers
What is malapportionment?
What is malapportionment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is racial gerrymandering?
What is racial gerrymandering?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the ruling of Shaw vs. Reno?
What was the ruling of Shaw vs. Reno?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Miller vs. Johnson state?
What does Miller vs. Johnson state?
Signup and view all the answers
What are institutional powers?
What are institutional powers?
Signup and view all the answers
What does censure mean in Congress?
What does censure mean in Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What are ex post facto laws?
What are ex post facto laws?
Signup and view all the answers
What are bills of attainder?
What are bills of attainder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is habeas corpus?
What is habeas corpus?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the media play in monitoring Congress?
What role does the media play in monitoring Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What is authorization in legislative terms?
What is authorization in legislative terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is appropriation in legislative terms?
What is appropriation in legislative terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'reported out' mean in legislative terms?
What does 'reported out' mean in legislative terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What does mark up mean in legislative terms?
What does mark up mean in legislative terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What are earmarks?
What are earmarks?
Signup and view all the answers
What does pigeonhole mean in legislative terms?
What does pigeonhole mean in legislative terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a line-item veto?
What is a line-item veto?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the ruling in Clinton v. NY?
What was the ruling in Clinton v. NY?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the seniority system?
What is the seniority system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Ways and Means committee?
What is the Ways and Means committee?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Congressional Processes and Structure
- Reapportionment: Redistribution of congressional seats post-census; state legislatures manage state legislative district reapportionment.
- Redistricting: Adjusting legislative district lines to reflect population changes, ensuring balanced representation.
- Gerrymandering: Manipulation of district boundaries to favor a political party or incumbent.
- Safe Seat: Office predicted to be won by one party, ensuring high success for that party's candidates.
Leadership in Congress
- Incumbents: Current officeholders in elected positions.
- Bicameralism: A legislative system with two houses.
- Speaker of the House: The presiding leader of the House, chosen by the majority party.
- Majority Leader: Elected by the majority party, aids in strategy and party cohesion.
- Minority Leader: Leader of the minority party, acts as chief spokesperson.
- Whip: Connects party leadership with regular members; helps manage party discipline.
Legislative Procedures and Committees
- Party Caucus: A meeting for party members to select leaders and set policy; Republicans refer to this as a conference.
- Closed Rule: Restricts amendments during bill consideration in the House.
- Open Rule: Allows for amendments during the consideration of bills in the House.
- President Pro Tempore: Chair of the Senate in the absence of the Vice President.
- Hold: A practice where senators can delay a bill’s consideration.
- Filibuster: Strategy in the Senate to delay or block legislative action by speaking indefinitely.
- Cloture: The process to end debate and proceed to a vote, particularly to end filibusters.
- Standing Committee: A permanent committee that focuses on specific policy areas.
- Special or Select Committee: Formed for specific purposes, such as investigations.
Legislative Strategies and Voting
- Logrolling: The practice of exchanging votes among legislators for mutual benefit.
- Discharge Petition: Allows majority of the House to bring a bill out of committee for floor consideration.
- Rider: An unrelated provision added to a bill to ensure passage.
- Pocket Veto: A president's indirect veto of a bill by not signing it within ten days while Congress is adjourned.
- Override: Congress can reverse a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
Congressional Powers and Amendments
- Centralization vs. Decentralization: Centralization favors quick decision-making, while decentralization emphasizes individual member voices and extended debates.
- 17th Amendment: Mandates the direct election of senators.
- Revenue Bills: Must originate in the House.
- US Term Limits v. Thornton: Supreme Court ruling that state-imposed term limits on Congress are unconstitutional.
Legislative Immunities and Privileges
- Franking Privilege: Allows Congress members to send mail free of charge for official business.
- Legislative Immunity: Protects Congress members from arrest while in session.
- Censure: Official reprimand of a sitting member of Congress.
Voting and Election Principles
- Packing and Cracking: Techniques in gerrymandering; packing concentrates opposition votes, while cracking disperses them.
- Baker v. Carr: Established "one man, one vote" principle, addressing district representation fairness.
Current Legislative Context
- Census: Mandatory decennial count of the population, affecting congressional representation.
- Pork Barrel: Government funds allocated for local projects, often seen as inefficient but politically advantageous.
- Authorization vs. Appropriation: Authorization allows a program to exist, while appropriation provides the funding.
Judicial Influences on Legislation
- Clinton v. New York: Confirmed line-item veto as unconstitutional, preserving legislative integrity.
Additional Key Terms
- Earmarks: Specific expenditures added to legislation by committee members.
- Pigeonhole: To set a bill aside indefinitely in committee.
- Majority Party: The party with the most seats in either house, controlling the legislative agenda.
Understanding these key concepts will enhance comprehension of the legislative process and the structure of Congress.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz focuses on key terms from Chapter 11 of AP Government, including reapportionment, redistricting, and gerrymandering. Each term is defined to help students grasp essential concepts related to congressional representation. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding before exams.