Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cochlea in the inner ear?
What is the primary function of the cochlea in the inner ear?
Which gland is responsible for stimulating milk production in mammary glands?
Which gland is responsible for stimulating milk production in mammary glands?
What occurs when there is an over-secretion of thyroid hormone?
What occurs when there is an over-secretion of thyroid hormone?
What is the main role of parathyroid hormone in the body?
What is the main role of parathyroid hormone in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes Type I diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following best describes Type I diabetes mellitus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of connective tissue is responsible for supporting and providing structure in the body?
What type of connective tissue is responsible for supporting and providing structure in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes the layers of skin?
Which of the following correctly describes the layers of skin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gland type releases its substances locally into ducts?
Which gland type releases its substances locally into ducts?
Signup and view all the answers
What function does the skin NOT perform?
What function does the skin NOT perform?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes fibrous connective tissue?
What characterizes fibrous connective tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the heart?
Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are melanocytes primarily found?
Where are melanocytes primarily found?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these membranes produces mucus and traps pathogens?
Which of these membranes produces mucus and traps pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes within the nucleus?
Which structure is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes within the nucleus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of transport requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
What type of transport requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
Signup and view all the answers
What element of the plasma membrane aids in identifying cells as 'self' or 'foreign'?
What element of the plasma membrane aids in identifying cells as 'self' or 'foreign'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process involves the movement of water from high to low concentration?
Which process involves the movement of water from high to low concentration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for covering and lining organs and cavities?
Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for covering and lining organs and cavities?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the Golgi complex in the cell?
What is the function of the Golgi complex in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of solution would cause a cell to swell due to water entering it?
Which type of solution would cause a cell to swell due to water entering it?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of osteoblasts in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts in the skeletal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of muscle is involuntary and striated?
Which type of muscle is involuntary and striated?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of joint is characterized as non-movable, typically found between cranial bones?
What type of joint is characterized as non-movable, typically found between cranial bones?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is found in the epiphyseal plate?
Which of the following structures is found in the epiphyseal plate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skeleton component includes bones of the limbs?
Which skeleton component includes bones of the limbs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle is found in the interior of hollow organs?
What type of muscle is found in the interior of hollow organs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by the weakening of bone density?
Which condition is characterized by the weakening of bone density?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do antagonistic muscles play in movement?
What role do antagonistic muscles play in movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by low blood oxygen levels due to insufficient red blood cells?
Which condition is characterized by low blood oxygen levels due to insufficient red blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells that trigger an immune response called?
What are the glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells that trigger an immune response called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
Signup and view all the answers
In which blood vessel does the exchange of materials with tissues mainly occur?
In which blood vessel does the exchange of materials with tissues mainly occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of platelets (thrombocytes) in the bloodstream?
What is the role of platelets (thrombocytes) in the bloodstream?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition occurs when a Rh negative mother is pregnant with a Rh positive baby?
What condition occurs when a Rh negative mother is pregnant with a Rh positive baby?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure in the heart is responsible for separating the left and right sides?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for separating the left and right sides?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of valves in the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of valves in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process involves the movement of fluid out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule?
Which process involves the movement of fluid out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of B lymphocytes in the immune system?
What is the role of B lymphocytes in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes the process of inhalation?
Which statement accurately describes the process of inhalation?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition occurs when the lower gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly?
What condition occurs when the lower gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cell is primarily involved in the cell-mediated immune response?
Which type of cell is primarily involved in the cell-mediated immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements correctly describes autoimmune disorders?
Which of the following statements correctly describes autoimmune disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main consequence of atherosclerosis?
What is the main consequence of atherosclerosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary organs responsible for waste elimination in the human body?
What are the primary organs responsible for waste elimination in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the inflammatory response in the body?
What triggers the inflammatory response in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract?
Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the diaphragm in breathing?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the diaphragm in breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
What marks the point of fertilization in human reproduction?
What marks the point of fertilization in human reproduction?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
A&P Exam Review
- The exam covers chapters 3-17 (excluding chapter 8) plus the appendix lecture in unit 1.
- Study all materials thoroughly.
Chapter 3 - Cells
- Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic: Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and contain specialized organelles. Multicellular organisms have eukaryotic cells; prokaryotic cells are smaller and lack most organelles and are single celled.
-
Cell Structure:
- Nucleus - stores DNA, enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
- Nucleolus - produces ribosomes.
- Nuclear pores - control passage of substances into and out of the nucleus.
- Ribosomes - produce proteins.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) - has ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) - no ribosomes, synthesizes lipids.
- Golgi complex - modifies proteins.
- Mitochondria - performs cellular respiration, produces ATP.
- Cytoskeleton - provides structure and support for organelles.
- Cytoplasm - fluid containing dissolved substances and organelles.
- Extracellular fluid - surrounds cells, holds organelles.
- Plasma membrane - lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inward, allows only certain substances through.
- Hydrophobic and small hydrophilic substances cross plasma membrane easily.
- Proteins on cell surface help identify cells as self or foreign (glycoproteins).
- Diffusion - movement of substances from high to low concentration without energy.
- Osmosis - movement of water from high to low concentration.
- Active transport - movement of substances from low to high concentration using energy (ATP).
- Exocytosis - vesicles move substances out of the cell.
- Endocytosis - vesicles move substances into the cell.
Chapter 4 - Organization and Regulation of Body Systems
- Four types of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.
-
Connective tissue:
- Functions: binding, support, transport, energy storage.
- Types: fibrous (loose, dense), cartilage (support), bone, blood.
Muscle
- Three types: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth.
- Skeletal (voluntary)
- Cardiac (involuntary)
- Smooth(involuntary)
Nervous Tissue
- Definitions of brain, spinal cord, nerves.
Epithelial Tissue
- Shape: squamous (flattened), cuboidal (cube-shaped), columnar (column-shaped).
- Layers: simple (single layer), stratified (multiple layers)
- Glands: endocrine (releases hormones into the blood), exocrine (releases substances into ducts).
Skin
- Functions: protection, regulation body temperature, sensory perception, vitamin D production.
- Two layers: epidermis (outer layer), dermis (inner layer).
Cavities
- Thoracic, pleural, pericardial, abdominal, cranial, spinal.
Membranes
- Mucous (lines body cavities open to the environment), serous_(lines closed body cavities), synovial (lines joints), meninges (surrounding the brain and spinal cord).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Prepare for your A&P exam with this review focusing on Chapter 3, which covers essential concepts about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their structures, and functions. Study materials include details on the nucleus, ribosomes, and various cell organelles. Be well-equipped to tackle questions related to cell biology.
