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Questions and Answers
Which soil properties can be tested to determine irrigation and fertilizer needs?
Which soil properties can be tested to determine irrigation and fertilizer needs?
The atmosphere is composed only of oxygen and nitrogen.
The atmosphere is composed only of oxygen and nitrogen.
False
What is the term used to describe the diagram that identifies and compares soil types based on their clay, silt, and sand percentages?
What is the term used to describe the diagram that identifies and compares soil types based on their clay, silt, and sand percentages?
Soil texture triangle
The __________ effect influences global wind patterns by causing moving air to curve.
The __________ effect influences global wind patterns by causing moving air to curve.
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Match the layers of the atmosphere with their characteristics:
Match the layers of the atmosphere with their characteristics:
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with a watershed?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with a watershed?
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Solar radiation is constant throughout the year at all locations on Earth.
Solar radiation is constant throughout the year at all locations on Earth.
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What factor primarily causes the differences in density that lead to atmospheric circulation?
What factor primarily causes the differences in density that lead to atmospheric circulation?
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What geological structures are typically formed at convergent plate boundaries?
What geological structures are typically formed at convergent plate boundaries?
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Divergent boundaries are responsible for the formation of earthquakes.
Divergent boundaries are responsible for the formation of earthquakes.
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What process must occur for soils to form?
What process must occur for soils to form?
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Soils are generally categorized by their _____ and organic material.
Soils are generally categorized by their _____ and organic material.
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Match the following plate boundary types with their characteristics:
Match the following plate boundary types with their characteristics:
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between soil composition and water retention?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between soil composition and water retention?
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Transform boundaries primarily lead to volcanic activity.
Transform boundaries primarily lead to volcanic activity.
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How do soils contribute to water quality?
How do soils contribute to water quality?
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What primarily affects the intensity of solar radiation received by the Earth?
What primarily affects the intensity of solar radiation received by the Earth?
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Higher elevations always receive more precipitation than lower elevations.
Higher elevations always receive more precipitation than lower elevations.
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What is a rain shadow?
What is a rain shadow?
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The highest solar radiation per unit area is received at the ______.
The highest solar radiation per unit area is received at the ______.
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Match the phenomenon with its effect:
Match the phenomenon with its effect:
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Which of the following factors is associated with changing ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean?
Which of the following factors is associated with changing ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean?
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The Earth’s tilt causes the ______ and the number of hours of daylight in a particular location.
The Earth’s tilt causes the ______ and the number of hours of daylight in a particular location.
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Geographic factors have no influence on weather and climate.
Geographic factors have no influence on weather and climate.
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Study Notes
Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources
- This unit covers Earth systems and resources
- Essential knowledge is adapted from the College Board AP Environmental Science Course and Exam Description.
4.1: Plate Tectonics
- Convergent boundaries form mountains, island arcs, earthquakes, and volcanoes
- Divergent boundaries cause seafloor spreading, rift valleys, volcanoes, and earthquakes
- Transform boundaries result in earthquakes.
- Maps showing plate distributions help locate volcanoes, island arcs, earthquakes, hot spots, and faults.
- Earthquakes happen when stress overcomes a locked fault, releasing stored energy.
4.2: Soil Formation and Erosion
- Soils form when parent material weathers, transports, and deposits
- Soils are categorized by horizons based on their composition and organic material.
- Soils can erode due to wind or water.
- Protecting soils protects water quality because soils effectively filter and clean water.
4.3: Soil Composition and Properties
- Water holding capacity varies with soil types, influencing land productivity and fertility.
- Particle size and composition affect soil porosity.
- Different soil types have various porosities and permeabilities, and different compositions
- Methods exist to test soil's chemical, physical, and biological properties, helpful in irrigation and fertilizer decisions
- A soil texture triangle aids in identifying and comparing soil types based on clay, silt, and sand percentages.
4.4: Earth's Atmosphere
- Earth's atmosphere is comprised of major gases in different proportions.
- Oxygen is 21%, Nitrogen is 78%, and other gases are 1%.
- Atmospheric layers are categorized by temperature gradients: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
4.5: Global Wind Patterns
- Global winds result from intense solar radiation at the equator, density differences, and the Coriolis effect.
- These patterns are grouped into cells that move warm and cold air around the globe (Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells)
4.6: Watersheds
- Watershed characteristics encompass area, length, slope, soil, vegetation types, and divides separating neighboring watersheds.
- Water flowing through watersheds originates from precipitation, snowpack, and groundwater.
4.7: Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- Incoming solar radiation (insolation) serves as a primary energy source for Earth, with seasonality and latitude influencing intensity.
- The angle of the sun's rays directly correlates to solar radiation intensity.
- The tilt of Earth's axis impacts solar radiation received, resulting in seasons and varying daylight hours.
- Solar radiation received at a location varies seasonally. The location receives maximum solar radiation during the longest summer day and minimum solar radiation during the shortest winter day.
- The amount of solar radiation a location receives per unit area is greatest at the equator and decreases towards the poles.
4.8: Earth's Geography and Climate
- Weather and climate are influenced by the sun's energy, geology, geography, and ocean temperatures.
- Elevation plays a significant role in precipitation patterns, creating rain shadows.
- Climate types and regions are determined via geographic factors.
4.9: El Niño and La Niña
- El Niño and La Niña are phenomena linked to changing ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean.
- These phenomena impact global rainfall, winds, and ocean circulation patterns.
- These phenomena are influenced by geological and geographic factors.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Earth systems and resources with this quiz based on the College Board AP Environmental Science curriculum. Explore topics like plate tectonics, soil formation, and erosion processes while reinforcing your understanding of critical concepts and terminology.
