AP Computer Science Principles Exam Quizlet

Occurs when a computer tries to store a number that is too large for the available memory space. Imagine a car's odometer rolling over.

A process of approximating numbers due to limited memory space. Like representing pi as 3.14 instead of its infinite digits.

A type of data compression that discards some data to reduce file size, making it nearly impossible to recover the original completely. Like compressing a JPEG image.

A type of data compression that keeps all the original data, allowing full recovery of the original file. Like compressing a PNG image.

Data that describes other data, like the camera settings used to take a photo. It provides context and information about a piece of data.

A coding structure where instructions are executed in a specific order, one after the other. Like following a recipe.

A coding structure that uses conditions to choose between different paths in an algorithm. It uses if-then statements to make decisions.

A coding structure that uses loops to execute code multiple times. It uses constructs like "while", "for", or "repeat" to repeat a block of code.

Algorithms that run in polynomial time, meaning the time it takes to run grows relatively slowly with the size of the input in the worst case. It indicates a manageable execution time.

Algorithms that run in exponential time, meaning the time it takes to run grows very rapidly with the size of the input. It becomes very inefficient for larger inputs.

A guiding principle that helps solve problems by providing a direction or suggestion, like navigating by the North Star.

Problems that are extremely complex and don't have algorithms that can solve them for all inputs. Like determining if a program will ever stop.

A search method that goes through a list one item at a time until it finds the target value. Like searching for a word in a dictionary.

A more efficient search method that requires a sorted list. It repeatedly divides the list in half until the target value is found. Like a binary search on a sorted list of numbers.

A set of rules that allows software applications to communicate with each other. It defines how they exchange data and commands.

A research activity involving broad public participation. People contribute data or assist with scientific tasks. Like counting butterflies across the globe.

Using a network of distributed resources for processing, storage, or other computing tasks. Often used for large-scale data management or web applications. Like using Amazon Web Services.

Gathering assistance from a large online community for completing tasks, such as funding projects or analyzing data. Like a crowdsourced translation project.

A type of license that allows creators to specify how their work can be shared and used. It provides more control and flexibility than traditional copyright.

A policy that provides unrestricted and free access to research, information, or other resources. Like open-source software.

An observation stating that the number of transistors on a microchip roughly doubles every two years, leading to significant increases in computer performance and capability.

A network where computers connect directly to each other over the internet without a central server. It bypasses intermediaries for communication.

The unequal access to digital technologies and resources among different populations or communities. It can be based on income, location, or other factors.

A company that provides internet access to individuals and organizations. Like Comcast or Verizon.

The path data takes when traveling from a source to its destination over the internet, involving ISPs, cloud infrastructure, and other intermediaries.

The ways in which governments can restrict online speech, including controlling the speaker, limiting listener access, and regulating intermediaries like social media platforms.

The legal implications of posting content online, including the potential for defamation and slander. It can also involve copyright infringement and other issues.