Questions and Answers
Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?
Neutrons
Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?
Polar covalent
Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?
Signup and view all the answers
Most biological molecules are built and broken down by processes involving which substances?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a mixture that contains insoluble particles that are large enough to be visible?
Signup and view all the answers
If a molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen, it is __________ __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. Are they likely to react with other atoms, and why or why not?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?
Signup and view all the answers
How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?
Signup and view all the answers
In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of compound is NOT likely to dissolve in water?
Signup and view all the answers
Which two organ systems work to maintain pH balance in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is transport work?
Signup and view all the answers
What is mechanical work?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Subatomic Particles and Atomic Structure
- Protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus of an atom.
- Neutrons contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number.
- An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8, consisting of 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons.
Chemical Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds require hydrogen atoms and polar covalent bonds for formation.
- The order of strength for chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, hydrogen.
- Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules, distinguishing them from covalent bonds.
Effects of Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds are responsible for molecular structures like curly hair and DNA's double helix.
- Joining two hydrogen atoms to create hydrogen gas is not a result of hydrogen bonds.
Biological Molecules and Reactions
- Most biological molecules undergo dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis involving water.
- Molecules with only carbon and hydrogen are classified as non-polar covalent.
Chemical Reactions and Stability
- Valence electrons are the parts of atoms that participate in forming chemical bonds.
- Atoms of oxygen are not stable with 8 electrons due to having only 6 valence electrons, requiring 8 for stability.
- Carbon atoms, possessing four valence electrons, are likely to react with other atoms to achieve greater stability.
Chemical Composition and Bonding
- Atoms are the building blocks of molecules such as adipose tissue and cells; they are not formed through chemical bonding.
- Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the exchange of electrons.
- Water functions as a reactant in food breakdown.
Solvent Properties of Water
- Water dissolves salt (NaCl) due to the attraction of its partial charges to the respective sodium and chloride ions, breaking the ionic bond.
- In plasma, proteins are solutes that act as colloids and electrolytes, often carrying a negative charge.
Types of Lipids
- Cortisol is classified as a steroid, a type of lipid hormone.
- Non-polar covalent compounds are unlikely to dissolve in water.
Organ Systems and Functionality
- The urinary and respiratory systems work together to maintain pH balance in the body.
- Transport work refers to the pumping of substances across membranes against spontaneous movement.
- Mechanical work can be exemplified by muscle contractions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 2 of Anatomy and Physiology. Covering topics such as subatomic particles and atomic structure, these cards will help reinforce your understanding of essential concepts. Perfect for quick revision or study sessions!
