AP Bio Chapter 5 Flashcards

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.

<p>A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long carbon chain carboxylic acid that varies in length and in the number and location of double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by condensation reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar component of RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1,4-glycosidic linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by condensation synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers