AP Bio Chapter 13 Flashcards

The generation to generation sequence of stages of the reproductive history of an organism; from conception to production of its own offspring.

Any cell other than a gamete, which has 46 chromosomes.

A display of condensed chromosomes arranged in pairs.

<p>The two chromosomes composing a pair that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X and Y chromosomes that determine an individual's sex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The other chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes; 22 pairs in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any cell with two chromosome sets; has a diploid number of chromosomes, abbreviated 2n.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any cell with one chromosome set; gametes (egg and sperm) each have n chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The union of gametes (sperm and ovum), culminating in fusion of their nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The egg resulting from fertilization; diploid as it contains two haploid sets of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms, resulting in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals, plants and some algae, and most fungi and some protists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form (sporophyte) and a multicellular haploid form (gametophyte).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces gametes and introduces variability among the gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shows that offspring differ in appearance from parents and siblings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What we see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What we don't see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They carry traits inherited from parents to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The units of heredity; segments of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One set of chromosomes is inherited from each parent (maternal and paternal).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive cells - sperm and eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X and Y chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XX.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XY.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each chromosome is replicated, consisting of two identical sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It conserves the number of chromosome sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from 2 (diploid) to 1 (haploid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapsis and Crossing Over, Tetrads, and Homologous chromosomes separate instead of sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces recombinant chromosomes by exchanging genetic material between nonsister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any sperm can fuse with any ovum to form a diploid zygote, resulting in unique genetic combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results in accumulation of genetic variations favored by the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributes to genetic variation in a population, which ultimately results from mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers