24 Questions
Which projection is used to visualize the sacrum and coccyx?
AP axial projection
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
40 inches
What is the recommended IR size for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
10 x 12 inches
What is the recommended CR angle for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
15° cephalad
Why is it important to ensure that there is no rotation of the pelvis during the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
To ensure correct alignment of the sacrum and CR
Which of the following is a clinical indication for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
Pathology of the coccyx including fracture
What is the recommended CR angle for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
10° caudad
What is the recommended collimation for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
Collimate on four sides to anatomy of interest
When should the technologist increase the CR angle for the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
When the patient has a greater anterior curvature of the coccyx
What should be done to the urinary bladder before the AP axial projection of the sacrum and coccyx?
It should be emptied before the procedure begins
Which projection is used for diagnosing mandible fractures and neoplastic or inflammatory processes?
Submentovertical (SMV) projection
What is the minimum SID for SMV projection?
40 inches
What is the recommended IR size for SMV projection?
8x10 inches
What is the recommended patient positioning for SMV projection?
Hyperextension of the neck
Where should the CR be aligned for SMV projection?
Perpendicular to the IR
What is the purpose of collimation for SMV projection?
To decrease scatter radiation
Which table lists lumbar spine joint and foramina positioning?
Table 9.1
What is the minimum SID recommended for the SMV projection of the mandible?
40 inches
What is the recommended IR size for the SMV projection of the mandible?
8x10 inches
What is the evaluation criteria for the SMV projection of the mandible?
Demonstrating the entire mandible and coronoid and condyloid processes
What can be visualized on a true lateral projection of the lumbar spine?
Intervertebral foramina
What do oblique projections of the lumbar spine require knowledge of?
The anatomy of the vertebrae and the zygapophyseal joints
Which zygapophyseal joints can be visualized on posterior oblique positions of the lumbar spine?
Downside joints
What should be used to protect radiosensitive tissues outside the region of interest during radiographic projections?
Proper shielding
Study Notes
Radiographic projections for mandible and lumbar spine
- Submentovertical (SMV) projection is used for diagnosing mandible fractures and neoplastic or inflammatory processes.
- Minimum SID for SMV projection is 40 inches, and the recommended IR size is 8x10 or 10x12 inches with a grid.
- Patient positioning for SMV projection requires hyperextension of the neck and alignment of MSP perpendicular to the midline of the grid or table.
- The CR for SMV projection should be aligned perpendicular to the IR or IOML and centered between the angles of the mandible or 1 inch inferior to the mandibular symphysis.
- Collimation should be done on four sides to the anatomy of interest, and respiration should be suspended.
- Evaluation criteria for SMV projection include demonstrating the entire mandible and coronoid and condyloid processes, correct neck extension, no patient rotation or tilt, and collimation to the area of interest.
- The intervertebral foramina for the lumbar spine can be visualized on a true lateral projection.
- Oblique projections of the lumbar spine require knowledge of the anatomy of the vertebrae and the zygapophyseal joints.
- Posterior oblique positions can visualize the downside zygapophyseal joints, while anterior oblique positions can visualize the upside joints.
- The degree of rotation for oblique positions depends on the area of the lumbar spine of interest.
- Table 9.1 lists lumbar spine joint and foramina positioning, and Table 9.2 lists joint classifications of the lumbar spine.
- Proper shielding should be used to protect radiosensitive tissues outside the region of interest during radiographic projections.
Test your knowledge on the AP Axial Projection technique for imaging the sacrum and coccyx. Learn about the clinical indications and technical factors involved in capturing clear images of the sacrum, including common pathologies and the importance of patient preparation. Make sure to brush up on the necessary steps to ensure a successful procedure before taking this quiz!
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