A&P 101 Exam 1 Retake
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In a scenario with a semipermeable membrane separating two compartments, one with 20% NaCl and the other with 50% NaCl, where does water initially diffuse?

  • From the 50% NaCl compartment to the 20% NaCl compartment. (correct)
  • From the 20% NaCl compartment to the 50% NaCl compartment.
  • Water diffuses equally in both directions.
  • There is no diffusion of water.

In the same scenario, what is true about the diffusion of Na+ ions?

  • Na+ ions diffuse equally in both directions.
  • There is no diffusion of Na+ ions because the membrane is not permeable to them. (correct)
  • Na+ ions diffuse from the 20% NaCl compartment to the 50% NaCl compartment.
  • Na+ ions diffuse from the 50% NaCl compartment to the 20% NaCl compartment.

Which of the following scenarios will result in the highest rate of water diffusion through a semipermeable membrane?

  • A large semipermeable membrane separating a hypertonic solution from a another hypertonic solution.
  • A small semipermeable membrane separating a hypotonic solution from a isotonic solution.
  • A small semipermeable membrane separating a hypertonic solution from a hypotonic solution. (correct)
  • A large semipermeable membrane separating a hypotonic solution from an isotonic solution

What effect does the increase of hydrogen ions have on pH levels?

<p>An increase in H+ ions causes a decrease in the pH value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has the least movement of water, through a semipermeable membrane?

<p>An isotonic solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on the functions of the body?

<p>Physiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

<p>33 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes?

<p>To contain digestive enzymes and break down cellular waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atomic number of an element is defined by its number of:

<p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle is located within the atom's nucleus?

<p>Neutrons and Protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of section divides the body into upper and lower portions?

<p>Transverse section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines an isotope?

<p>Same number of protons but different number of neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity are the lungs located?

<p>Thoracic Cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are covalent bonds formed?

<p>By the sharing of electrons between atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chemical formula O2 indicate?

<p>It is a molecule consisting of two oxygen atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the electrical charge of a neutron?

<p>It has no electrical charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mediastinum is located within which larger cavity?

<p>Ventral Cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior segments?

<p>Frontal Section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the rupture of red blood cells?

<p>Hemolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution causes red blood cells to shrink?

<p>Hypertonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of a compound?

<p>They are made of two or more different types of atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cavity is categorized as part of which larger body cavity?

<p>Dorsal cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of an atom determined by?

<p>The combined number of neutrons and protons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are electrons found in an atom?

<p>In orbitals surrounding the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity is the brain primarily located?

<p>Cranial cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an acid?

<p>It has a pH less than 7. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle?

<p>Molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the charge of an electron?

<p>Negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom with 20 protons and 18 electrons would:

<p>have a plus 2 charge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition resulting from low blood pH is called:

<p>acidosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of ATP is that it:

<p>is an energy transfer molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an isotonic solution, a blood cell will experience:

<p>no net movement of water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct?

<p>Acids produce an excess of H+ ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aqueous solutions are characterized by which substance as their solvent?

<p>Water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelles are known as the 'power plants' of the cell?

<p>mitochondria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has 9 protons and 10 electrons, what is its overall charge?

<p>Negative One. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the thoracic cavity?

<p>It contains the heart and the lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A blood pH of 7.28 indicates which condition?

<p>Excess of H+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the heart positioned in relation to the lungs?

<p>Medial to the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is most opposite to 'medial'?

<p>Lateral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a beaker with a semipermeable membrane separating a 20% NaCl solution (A) and a 50% NaCl solution (B), what will happen at equilibrium, regarding water volume?

<p>The water volume will be greater in compartment A. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an atom with 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons?

<p>16 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleolus is directly involved in the production of what?

<p>ribosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a blood pH of 7.28, how might this be described?

<p>The patient has an excess of hydrogen ions in their blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Compounds

Substances made up of two or more different types of atoms.

Spinal Cavity

Part of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord.

Atomic Mass

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Proton Charge

A proton in an atom carries a positive charge.

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Electron Role

Subatomic particles found in orbitals around the nucleus.

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Brain Location

The brain is housed within the cranial cavity.

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Acid Definition

A substance with a pH less than 7.

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pH Scale

A measure of acidity or basicity of a solution.

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pH Neutral

A pH that is equal to 7.

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Physiology

The study of how the body functions.

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Atomic Mass Calculation

The atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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Lysosomes

Baglike structures that contain digestive enzymes.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom, which determines its identity.

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Nucleus Subatomic Particles

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Transversal Section

A cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions.

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Isotope

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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Thoracic Cavity Division

The thoracic cavity is divided into the mediastinum and the dorsal cavity.

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Blood pH 7.28

A blood pH of 7.28 indicates an excess of hydrogen ions (H+), suggesting acidosis.

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Heart and Lungs Relationship

The heart is medial to the lungs, meaning it is closer to the midline of the body.

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Opposite of Medial

The term most opposite to medial is lateral, meaning farther from the midline of the body.

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Semipermeable Membrane

In a beaker with two compartments, water moves from lower to higher salt concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

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Acidosis

A condition where blood pH is below normal (7.35), indicating too much acid in the blood.

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Water Volume in Compartments

At equilibrium in a semipermeable system, the volume of water in compartment A will be less than in compartment B due to the salt gradient.

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Location of lungs

The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity.

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Covalent bonds

Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms.

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Oxygen gas formula

The formula for oxygen gas is O2, meaning it consists of two atoms of oxygen.

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Neutrons' charge

Neutrons have no electrical charge; they are neutral particles in an atom.

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Mediastinum location

The mediastinum is part of the ventral cavity in the thorax.

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Frontal section

A cut dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions is called a frontal section.

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Hemolysis

Hemolysis means 'the bursting of red blood cells'.

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Crenation

Crenation is the shrinkage of red blood cells in a hypertonic solution.

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Ion Charge Calculation

An atom with 20 protons and 18 electrons has a +2 charge.

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Low Blood pH Condition

Low blood pH indicates acidosis.

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ATP Function

ATP is an energy transfer molecule.

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Acids and H+ Ions

Acids produce an excess of H+ ions.

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Isotonic Solution Effect

In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water in/out of a cell.

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Aqueous Solutions

Aqueous solutions use water as the solvent.

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Cell Powerhouses

The mitochondria are the power plants of the cell.

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Effect of Acidosis

Acidosis lowers blood pH.

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Hypotonic solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

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Isotonic solution

A solution with an equal concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

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Hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

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Osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high.

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Effect of H+ ions on pH

An increase in H+ ions results in a decrease in pH value, making a solution more acidic.

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Study Notes

Exam 1 Retake - A&P 101

  • Question 1 (Multiple Choice): Centrioles are rod-shaped structures vital for cell division.
  • Question 2 (Multiple Choice): Cilia are small, hair-like structures on the surface of some cells.
  • Question 3 (Multiple Choice): A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions.
  • Question 4 (True/False): Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. (True)
  • Question 5 (True/False): A prone position has the dorsal side facing the ground. (False)
  • Question 6 (Multiple Choice): Distal is the opposite of proximal.
  • Question 7 (Multiple Choice): The knee is distal (further from the point of attachment) to the ankle.
  • Question 8 (Multiple Choice): Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Question 9 (Multiple Choice): Dissecting is a process that cuts apart something for study, and anatomy is about the structure.
  • Question 10 (Multiple Choice): A base has a pH greater than 7 and has more OH- ions than H+ ions in solution.
  • Question 11 (True/False): The leg is the part of the body between the knee and ankle. (False)
  • Question 12 (Multiple Choice): The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of canals within the cytoplasm.
  • Question 13 (Multiple Choice): The nucleus controls most cellular activities.
  • Question 14 (True/False): The thoracic cavity is NOT divided into mediastinum and dorsal cavity. (False)
  • Question 15 (Multiple Choice): A blood pH of 7.28 indicates an excess of H+ ions.
  • Question 16 (Multiple Choice): The heart is medial to the lungs.
  • Question 17 (Multiple Choice): Lateral is opposites of medial.
  • Question 18 (Multiple Choice): The water will diffuse from compartment A to compartment B in the beaker scenario.
  • Question 19 (Multiple Choice): The atomic number is 16.
  • Question 20 (Multiple Choice): Compounds are made up of two or more different types of atoms
  • Question 21 (Multiple Choice): The spinal cavity is part of the dorsal cavity.
  • Question 22 (Multiple Choice): Atomic mass equals the sum of neutrons and protons.
  • Question 23 (True/False): Protons have a positive charge. (True)
  • Question 24 (Multiple Choice): Electrons are found in orbitals around the atom's nucleus.
  • Question 25 (Multiple Choice): The brain is located in the cranial cavity.
  • Question 26 (Multiple Choice): An acid has a pH less than 7 (and more H+ ions).
  • Question 27 (Multiple Choice): Physiology is the study of functions in the body.
  • Question 28 (Multiple Choice): The atomic mass is 33.
  • Question 29 (True/False): Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.(True)
  • Question 30 (Multiple Choice): Atomic number is equal to the number of protons.
  • Question 31 (Multiple Choice): Neutrons are in the nucleus.
  • Question 32 (Multiple Choice): A transverse section divides the body into upper and lower halves.
  • Question 33 (Multiple Choice): An isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
  • Question 34 (Multiple Choice): An atom with 20 protons and 18 electrons would have a +2 charge.
  • Question 35 (Multiple Choice): Low blood pH results in acidosis.
  • Question 36 (Multiple Choice): ATP is an energy transfer molecule
  • Question 37 (True/False): Acids produce an excess of H+ ions.(True)
  • Question 38 (Multiple Choice): There will be no net movement if the cell is in an isotonic solution.
  • Question 39 (True/False): Aqueous solutions have water as a solvent. (True)
  • Question 40 (Multiple Choice): Mitochondria are the "power plants" of the cell.
  • Question 41 (Multiple Choice): The lungs are in the thoracic cavity.
  • Question 42 (Multiple Choice): Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.
  • Question 43 (Multiple Choice): O2 means that oxygen gas is made of two oxygen atoms bonded together.
  • Question 44 (True/False): Neutrons have no electric charge. (True)
  • Question 45 (Multiple Choice): The mediastinum is within the ventral cavity.
  • Question 46 (Multiple Choice): A frontal section divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
  • Question 47 (Multiple Choice): Hemolysis means "bursting of red blood cells".
  • Question 48 (Multiple Choice): A hypertonic solution causes shrinkage.
  • Question 49 (Multiple Choice): Water diffuses from compartment A to compartment B.
  • Question 50 (True/False): Increased H+ ions decreases the pH value. (False)

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Prepare for your Anatomy and Physiology 101 Exam with this retake quiz. It covers essential concepts such as cell structures, anatomical position, and basic physiology. Test your understanding of the key terms and definitions crucial for success in the course.

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