Aortic Dissection Clinical Findings
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Questions and Answers

Which arteries are involved in type A aortic dissection?

  • Abdominal aorta
  • Descending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Ascending aorta (correct)

What are the clinical findings of aortic dissection related to peripheral pulses and blood pressures?

  • Fluctuating pulses and blood pressures
  • Elevated pulses and equal blood pressures
  • Normal pulses and blood pressures
  • Diminished or unequal pulses and blood pressures (correct)

Which imaging study is becoming the diagnostic study of choice for aortic dissection?

  • Transesophageal echo of the aorta (correct)
  • MRI
  • CT scan with contrast enhancement
  • Chest X-ray

What is the differential diagnosis for aortic dissection?

<p>Myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure target for medical treatment of aortic dissection?

<p>$100$ mm Hg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aortic dissection typically present clinically?

<p>Sudden onset chest pain progressing to the back and abdomen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate without treatment for type A dissection?

<p>Over 90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended surgical measure for type B dissections?

<p>Surgical removal of the origin of the dissection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complaint in men with occlusive disease of the aorta and iliac arteries?

<p>Impotence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial symptom in an extremity for arterial embolism?

<p>Pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In acute arterial occlusion, what symptoms usually result in an extremity?

<p>Pain and weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally a complication of heart disease?

<p>Embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of disability in occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

<p>Intermittent claudication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is indicated if claudication interferes with essential activities or work?

<p>Surgical or angioplastic treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be determined in all individuals with occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

<p>Cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally heard over the aorta or over the iliac and femoral arteries in occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

<p>A bruit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Doppler ultrasonography offer for occlusive disease of the aorta and iliac arteries?

<p>Noninvasive evaluation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical measure is recommended for delayed embolectomy carried out more than 12 hours following embolism?

<p>Local anesthesia and prolonged anticoagulation with warfarin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate method of diagnosis for thrombophlebitis?

<p>Venography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may initiate thrombosis in thrombophlebitis?

<p>Exposure of endothelial tissues to platelets and venous stasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ascending contrast venography used for diagnosing thrombophlebitis?

<p>Exacerbation of the thrombotic process in 55% of patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of chronic venous insufficiency as a complication of thrombophlebitis?

<p>Destruction of the valves and secondary functional problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for developing thrombophlebitis?

<p>Recent surgery and prolonged inactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for which bed rest should be maintained as part of the treatment for thrombophlebitis?

<p>$15-20$ days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most suitable screening study for detecting thrombosis in large veins?

<p>$Doppler$ ultrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential differential diagnosis for thrombophlebitis?

<p>$Cellulitis$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nonpharmacological means are recommended for prevention of thrombophlebitis?

<p>Leg exercises and intermittent pneumatic compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anticoagulant is used increasingly for preventing thrombophlebitis?

<p>Low-dose heparin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of oral anticoagulation recommended after medical treatment for thrombophlebitis?

<p>More than 12 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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