Aortic Dissection Clinical Findings

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Which arteries are involved in type A aortic dissection?

Abdominal aorta

Descending aorta

Aortic arch

Ascending aorta (correct)

What are the clinical findings of aortic dissection related to peripheral pulses and blood pressures?

Fluctuating pulses and blood pressures

Elevated pulses and equal blood pressures

Normal pulses and blood pressures

Diminished or unequal pulses and blood pressures (correct)

Which imaging study is becoming the diagnostic study of choice for aortic dissection?

Transesophageal echo of the aorta (correct)

MRI

CT scan with contrast enhancement

Chest X-ray

What is the differential diagnosis for aortic dissection?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure target for medical treatment of aortic dissection?

$100$ mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

How does aortic dissection typically present clinically?

Sudden onset chest pain progressing to the back and abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate without treatment for type A dissection?

Over 90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended surgical measure for type B dissections?

Surgical removal of the origin of the dissection Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complaint in men with occlusive disease of the aorta and iliac arteries?

Impotence Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial symptom in an extremity for arterial embolism?

Pain Signup and view all the answers

In acute arterial occlusion, what symptoms usually result in an extremity?

Pain and weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is generally a complication of heart disease?

Embolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of disability in occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

Intermittent claudication Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is indicated if claudication interferes with essential activities or work?

Surgical or angioplastic treatment Signup and view all the answers

What should be determined in all individuals with occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

Cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is generally heard over the aorta or over the iliac and femoral arteries in occlusive disease of the aorta and its branches?

A bruit Signup and view all the answers

What does Doppler ultrasonography offer for occlusive disease of the aorta and iliac arteries?

Noninvasive evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical measure is recommended for delayed embolectomy carried out more than 12 hours following embolism?

Local anesthesia and prolonged anticoagulation with warfarin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate method of diagnosis for thrombophlebitis?

Venography Signup and view all the answers

What may initiate thrombosis in thrombophlebitis?

Exposure of endothelial tissues to platelets and venous stasis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ascending contrast venography used for diagnosing thrombophlebitis?

Exacerbation of the thrombotic process in 55% of patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of chronic venous insufficiency as a complication of thrombophlebitis?

Destruction of the valves and secondary functional problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for developing thrombophlebitis?

Recent surgery and prolonged inactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for which bed rest should be maintained as part of the treatment for thrombophlebitis?

$15-20$ days Signup and view all the answers

What is the most suitable screening study for detecting thrombosis in large veins?

$Doppler$ ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential differential diagnosis for thrombophlebitis?

$Cellulitis$ Signup and view all the answers

What nonpharmacological means are recommended for prevention of thrombophlebitis?

Leg exercises and intermittent pneumatic compression Signup and view all the answers

What anticoagulant is used increasingly for preventing thrombophlebitis?

Low-dose heparin Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of oral anticoagulation recommended after medical treatment for thrombophlebitis?

More than 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers