Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the correct name for "Sinuses Of Valsalva"?
What is the correct name for "Sinuses Of Valsalva"?
What is the correct name for the "dog bone"?
What is the correct name for the "dog bone"?
Which is the first branch of the Aorta?
Which is the first branch of the Aorta?
What is the name of the structure that is a fetal shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta that is supposed to close at birth?
What is the name of the structure that is a fetal shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta that is supposed to close at birth?
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Which of the following arteries feed the myocardium?
Which of the following arteries feed the myocardium?
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Which coronary artery is the largest?
Which coronary artery is the largest?
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What does the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) supply?
What does the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) supply?
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What does "Circumflex" mean?
What does "Circumflex" mean?
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Which artery is a CUTE LITTLE branch on the SIDE of the Right Ventricle?
Which artery is a CUTE LITTLE branch on the SIDE of the Right Ventricle?
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Which coronary artery system is called "RIGHT DOMINANT"?
Which coronary artery system is called "RIGHT DOMINANT"?
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Which of the following is a cardiac vein?
Which of the following is a cardiac vein?
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What is the largest cardiac vein?
What is the largest cardiac vein?
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Which cardiac vein runs along the PDA?
Which cardiac vein runs along the PDA?
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What is the largest structure that receives deoxygenated blood from the heart?
What is the largest structure that receives deoxygenated blood from the heart?
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What is the name of the imaging modality that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart?
What is the name of the imaging modality that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart?
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There is also a "PLAX" view. What does PLAX stand for?
There is also a "PLAX" view. What does PLAX stand for?
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The top of the LV near the Mitral valve is called the "Apical" level.
The top of the LV near the Mitral valve is called the "Apical" level.
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The "Septal" side of the heart is the same as the "Anterior" side.
The "Septal" side of the heart is the same as the "Anterior" side.
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The "Inferior" side is located on the top of the heart
The "Inferior" side is located on the top of the heart
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The very tip of the apex is called the "Apical Cap"
The very tip of the apex is called the "Apical Cap"
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The next layer up from the apical cap is called the [BLANK] Level
The next layer up from the apical cap is called the [BLANK] Level
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The next layer up from the apical level is the [BLANK] Level
The next layer up from the apical level is the [BLANK] Level
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The layer closest to the Mitral Valve is called the [BLANK] Level
The layer closest to the Mitral Valve is called the [BLANK] Level
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What is the most superior part of the body when a patient is lying down?
What is the most superior part of the body when a patient is lying down?
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Study Notes
Aorta & Coronary Circulation
- Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle (LV) through the aortic valve (AoV) into the aorta (Ao).
- The aorta delivers oxygenated blood to the heart, head, and body.
- Normal aortic pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg.
- Normal aortic oxygen saturation is 98%.
Aorta Segments
- Aortic Root (AoR): houses the aortic valve (AoV) and the area extending from the AoV to the sinotubular junction (STJ). The STJ is where the AoR meets the ascending aorta (AAo).
- Ascending Aorta (AAo): begins superior to the AoR and ends proximal to the aortic arch (Ao Arch).
- Transverse or Aortic Arch (Ao Arch): originates three major arteries that supply the head and arms: the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
- Thoracic Descending Aorta (DAO): begins after the aortic arch and passes inferiorly within the chest cavity, superior to the diaphragm.
- Abdominal Descending Aorta: begins inferior to the diaphragm and branches to feed different organs.
Aortic Branches
- Arteries divide into arterioles and then into capillaries.
- Capillaries exchange nutrients and oxygen with tissues.
- Venules collect waste and carbon dioxide, and venules join into veins.
Coronary Arteries
- Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood, branching off from the sinuses of Valsalva.
- Ischemia occurs if the myocardium doesn't get enough oxygen, resulting in partial blockage. Infarction occurs with complete blockage. Necrosis, or death of tissue, occurs from complete blockage.
Coronary Dominance
- Right Dominance: the right coronary artery (RCA) supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) in ~85% of individuals.
- Left Dominance: the left coronary artery (LCA) supplies the PDA in ~10% of individuals.
- Co-dominance: both the RCA and LCA supply the PDA in ~7% of individuals.
Cardiac Venous System
- Cardiac veins return blood from the coronary arteries back to the right atrium (RA).
- Major cardiac veins include the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, left cardiac veins, right coronary vein, anterior cardiac veins, and thebesian veins. The coronary sinus receives blood from these veins.
Parasternal Wall Segments
- Parasternal short-axis view (PSAX) and Parasternal long-axis view (PLAX) are used to visualize the heart in ultrasound imaging.
- The heart's walls are divided into segments that are labelled as Anterior, Septal, Basal, Lateral, Inferior, and Apical.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the aorta and its segments, as well as its role in coronary circulation. This quiz covers key concepts including normal aortic pressure, oxygen saturation, and anatomical regions of the aorta.
