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Anxiety Disorders: Understanding Stress and Eustress
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Anxiety Disorders: Understanding Stress and Eustress

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Questions and Answers

Which body adaptation is associated with reduced immunity due to stress?

  • Tightening of skeletal muscles
  • Stimulated mucus production
  • Increase in epinephrine levels (correct)
  • Interference with the effectiveness of antibodies

    • What is a possible outcome of stress-related coronary artery disease?

  • Constricted bronchial tubes
  • Emotional detachment
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Constricted coronary vessels and increased pulse (correct)

    • Which symptom is least likely to be directly associated with migraine, cluster, and tension headaches caused by stress?

  • Inability to tolerate light
  • Polyuria (correct)
  • Tight feeling around the head
  • Tinnitus

    • Which of the following is an adaptation of the autonomic nervous system in response to stress-related asthma?

    <p>Increased mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom common to both anxiety and stress-induced headaches?

    <p>Inability to tolerate light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of stress-induced burnout?

    <p>Emotional detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation does stress have on the cardiovascular system leading to hypertension?

    <p>Negative interaction with kidneys and endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the DSM-5 classification of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) differ from previous classifications?

    <p>It separates GAD from OCD and PTSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for stress that results from positive experiences like job promotions or weddings?

    <p>Eustress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of anxiety did Hildegard Peplau consider to be a normal part of being human?

    <p>Mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of free-floating anxiety?

    <p>A feeling of impending doom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gorman and Sultan, which of these is NOT a characteristic of anxiety?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a sign of stress and anxiety in children and teenagers?

    <p>Changes in eating habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the DSM-5, which disorder is no longer classified as an anxiety disorder?

    <p>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe an individual's response to known stressors, such as upcoming exams?

    <p>Signal anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a plausible reason for experiencing stress?

    <p>Losing a pet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of anxiety levels, what is the highest level of anxiety?

    <p>Panic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may present a challenge for nurses when assessing anxiety in patients?

    <p>Cultural acknowledgement of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is categorized separately from anxiety disorders in DSM-5?

    <p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested cause for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Neurological short circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phobias is characterized by the fear of being unable to leave or feeling embarrassed if one must leave?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes social phobia?

    <p>It is fear related to the potential for embarrassment in public settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phobia involves an irrational fear of blood?

    <p>Hematophobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common correlation found in people with social phobias?

    <p>Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes OCD from obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

    <p>OCD involves reoccurring thoughts and actions that interfere with daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a phobia associated with the fear of public speaking?

    <p>Social phobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of anxiety according to psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>A conflict between the id and the superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's basic response to stress called?

    <p>Fight-or-flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily involved in the body's stress response?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the immune system during the exhaustion phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

    <p>It becomes challenged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ruled out before diagnosing anxiety disorders?

    <p>Systemic infection or allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome does blood pressure rise?

    <p>Crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may occur if the body fails to adapt to stress over a long period?

    <p>Lowered immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a symptom that must be differentiated from an anxiety disorder?

    <p>Improved digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the two main components of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Obsession and compulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of unwanted thoughts might a person with OCD experience?

    <p>Religious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional response associated with the obsessive thoughts in OCD?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a person with OCD give in to their compulsions despite trying to resist them?

    <p>To reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can OCD impact a person's daily life the most?

    <p>Interfering with daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?

    <p>Changes in appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial element in establishing trust and communication with PTSD patients?

    <p>Genuineness in communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the feeling of guilt expressed by survivors of a traumatic event?

    <p>Survivor guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of PTSD that has seen a rise among military personnel since the Afghanistan war began?

    <p>Rise in suicide rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family members of PTSD patients might experience which of the following?

    <p>Vicarious trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an important first step in helping a PTSD patient identify the source of their problem?

    <p>Discussing only the positive aspects of their experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the negative emotional state experienced by individuals who self-medicate to treat discomfort?

    <p>Substance dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movie is recommended for understanding trauma after rape and incest?

    <p>Nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not commonly associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Panic disorder is often characterized by a fear of which of the following?

    <p>Dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phobia is incorrectly matched with its fear?

    <p>Carcinomatophobia - Fear of decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a specific phobia mentioned?

    <p>Claustrophobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is typically not part of a panic disorder episode?

    <p>Muscle tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a common specific phobia?

    <p>Fear of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Difficulty concentrating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fear of dental surgery is termed as which of the following?

    <p>Odontophobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Stress produces anxiety, and it can come from both positive and negative experiences.
    • Eustress is a type of stress that comes from positive experiences, such as weddings or job promotions.
    • A stressor is any person or situation that produces anxiety responses.
    • Anxiety can be described as an uncomfortable feeling of dread that is a response to extreme or prolonged periods of stress.
    • There are four commonly accepted levels of anxiety: mild, moderate, severe, and panic.

    Types of Anxiety

    • Free-floating anxiety is a feeling of impending doom without knowing when or where the event might occur.
    • Signal anxiety is an uncomfortable response to a known stressor.
    • Both types of anxiety are involved in various anxiety disorders.

    Etiology of Anxiety and Stress

    • Psychoanalytic theory suggests that conflict between the id and the superego causes anxiety.
    • Biologically, the fight-or-flight response contributes to feelings of anxiety.
    • The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
    • If the body adapts to the stress, hormone levels adjust to compensate for the epinephrine-norepinephrine release.

    General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Model of Stress

    • Crisis: the "fight or flight" response, where blood vessels constrict, and norepinephrine and epinephrine are released, raising blood pressure.
    • Adaptation: hormone levels adjust, and body functions return to homeostasis.
    • Exhaustion: the immune system becomes challenged, and there is a potential for cardiac and renal failure, or even death.

    Differential Diagnosis

    • Differentiating normal anxiety from an anxiety disorder can be challenging.
    • A complete physical workup is necessary before diagnosing anxiety disorders.
    • Symptoms of anxiety disorders can mimic those seen in other conditions, such as diabetes or cardiac problems.

    Adaptation Responses to Stress and the Outcome of Stress on the Body

    • Lowered Immunity: the body's adaptation to stress interferes with the effectiveness of antibodies, making it susceptible to illnesses.
    • Burnout: associated with stress-related depression, leading to emotional detachment.
    • Migraine, Cluster, and Tension Headaches: tightening skeletal muscles and dilating cranial arteries, leading to nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms.
    • Hypertension: stress contributes to hypertension by interacting with the kidneys and endocrine system, leading to resistance to blood flow and increased pressure on the arteries.
    • Coronary Artery Disease: stress increases the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to constricted coronary vessels and increased pulse and respirations.
    • Asthma: the automatic nervous system stimulates mucus, increases blood flow, and constricts bronchial tubes, leading to wheezing, coughing, and other symptoms.

    Symptoms of Anxiety

    • Muscle aches
    • Shakes
    • Palpitations
    • Dry mouth
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Hot flashes
    • Chills
    • Polyuria
    • Insomnia
    • Difficulty swallowing
    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): excessive worry or severe stress, characterized by restlessness, easily being fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances.
    • Panic Disorder: a recurrent condition characterized by fear of dying, losing control, or "going crazy," accompanied by physical symptoms such as nausea, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
    • Phobia: an irrational fear of a specific object or situation, often directed towards snakes, spiders, enclosed spaces, or other stimuli.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): reoccurring thoughts, ideas, and actions that interfere with daily life, characterized by repetition of thoughts and behaviors.
    • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): a disorder that can appear immediately or be repressed until later, characterized by flashbacks, social withdrawal, nightmares, insomnia, and other symptoms.

    Threats to Mental Health

    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a neurological short circuit that causes repetitive behaviors, often linked to a genetic component.
    • Social Phobias: fears of social situations, leading to avoidance of situations due to fear of humiliation or being judged negatively.
    • Specific Phobias: irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as acrophobia (fear of heights) or odontophobia (fear of teeth or dental surgery).
    • Self-medicating with alcohol and substances: a concern for patients with anxiety disorders, as it can lead to substance abuse.
    • Trust and Communication: important for nurses to build trust with patients and encourage expression of thoughts and feelings.
    • Family Members: family members and significant others can also suffer from the effects of PTSD, known as vicarious trauma.
    • Survivor Guilt: a feeling of guilt expressed by survivors of traumatic events, often accompanied by suicidal thoughts.

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    Description

    Learn about the concept of stress, eustress, and their impact on anxiety. Discover how both positive and negative experiences can produce anxiety.

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