Anxiety Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes anxiety disorders from developmentally normative fear or anxiety?

Anxiety disorders result from transient stress.

Anxiety disorders are solely inherited genetic conditions.

Anxiety disorders are typically resolved within a few weeks.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive or persistent fear or anxiety. (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is primarily associated with anxiety rather than fear?

Escape behaviors

Surges of autonomic arousal

Muscle tension (correct)

Thoughts of immediate danger

At what age range is separation anxiety disorder most commonly diagnosed?

Young adulthood

Adolescence

Late adulthood

Early childhood (correct)

What is a notable characteristic of selective mutism?

Failure to speak in expected social situations despite speaking in others Signup and view all the answers

Which anxiety disorder includes recurrent unexpected panic attacks as a primary symptom?

Panic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes social anxiety disorder?

Fear of being embarrassed or scrutinized in social situations Signup and view all the answers

How do anxiety disorders typically differ from role-related stress or anxiety?

Anxiety disorders persist beyond developmentally appropriate periods. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of prevalence, which demographic experiences anxiety disorders more frequently?

Females more than males Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that often coexists with panic attacks across various disorders?

Severity of diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological condition typically manifests as fear of being unable to escape from certain situations?

Agoraphobia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with generalized anxiety disorder?

Fear of animals Signup and view all the answers

What age group has the highest estimated prevalence of separation anxiety disorder?

School-age children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common physical symptom of separation anxiety in children?

Headaches Signup and view all the answers

In adults, what is the typical 12-month prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in the United States?

0.9% to 1.9% Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration required for separation anxiety symptoms to be considered a disorder in children?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What common issue is associated with children who have separation anxiety disorder?

Clinging behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which anxiety disorder has a significant association with moving from suicidal thoughts to suicide attempts?

Panic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically found in substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder?

Excessive worry about everyday situations Signup and view all the answers

What developmental feature can indicate the onset of secure attachment relationships?

Heightened separation anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of separation anxiety disorder in adolescents compared to younger children?

Worries about specific dangers Signup and view all the answers

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by an inability to control excessive worry across multiple domains?

Generalized anxiety disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the median age at onset for specific phobia?

Between 7 and 11 years Signup and view all the answers

In older populations, which type of phobia is more commonly endorsed?

Natural environment phobias Signup and view all the answers

What common medical concerns co-occur with specific phobia in older individuals?

Coronary heart disease and Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the heritability percentage of blood-injury-injection phobia?

33% Signup and view all the answers

Individuals from which ethnic groups report lower prevalence of specific phobia?

Asian and Latinx individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specific phobia is predominantly experienced by women?

Animal phobia Signup and view all the answers

What does the fear of falling in older adults lead to?

Reduced mobility and social functioning Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social anxiety disorder from specific phobia?

Presence of scrutiny in social interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically expressed in social anxiety disorder?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

How long must the anxiety or avoidance persist for a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder?

At least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What should be ruled out before diagnosing specific phobia linked to a traumatic event?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of specific phobia on quality of life in older adults?

Associated with decreased quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anxiety around scrutinization in social situations?

Social phobia Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered when diagnosing specific phobia in children?

Degree of impairment and developmental stage Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the diagnosis of panic disorder?

More than one unexpected full-symptom panic attack Signup and view all the answers

Which group has the highest prevalence estimates for panic disorder in the United States?

Non-Latinx Whites Signup and view all the answers

What commonly characterizes nocturnal panic attacks in individuals with panic disorder?

Waking from sleep in a state of panic Signup and view all the answers

What behavior change is typically seen in individuals with panic disorder?

Reorganizing daily life to ensure help is available Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom or concern for individuals with panic disorder?

Elevated levels of trust in medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prevalence of panic disorder in the population?

2%–3% Signup and view all the answers

What tends to indicate a more severe presentation of panic disorder?

Having both daytime and nocturnal panic attacks Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is reported to be more frequently affected by panic disorder?

Women Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is most likely to contribute to the development of separation anxiety disorder in adults?

Parental divorce Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential functional consequence of separation anxiety disorder?

Limiting independent activities away from home Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with selective mutism?

Inability to use a language they know Signup and view all the answers

How does separation anxiety disorder differ from generalized anxiety disorder?

Separation anxiety disorder concerns real or imagined separation from attachment figures. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of heritability was found in a study of separation anxiety disorder in 6-year-old twins?

73% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely NOT a common risk for developing separation anxiety disorder?

Engaging in hobbies during childhood Signup and view all the answers

In which age group is selective mutism most commonly noticed?

Before age 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is common in selective mutism?

Compulsive traits Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of borderline personality disorder compared to separation anxiety disorder?

Fear of abandonment and identity problems Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural difference can affect the diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder?

Tolerability of strong familial interdependence Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about individuals with separation anxiety disorder?

They do not care about their attachment figures. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the prevalence of selective mutism is true?

Prevalence ranges from 0.03% to 1.9%. Signup and view all the answers

What commonly observed behavior in children with separation anxiety disorder can occur when facing separation?

Oppositional behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of social anxiety disorder compared to shyness?

It involves significant adverse impact on functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for individuals with social anxiety disorder to seek treatment?

After 15-20 years of experiencing symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is true?

It can encompass both unexpected and expected panic attacks. Signup and view all the answers

How is social anxiety disorder different from generalized anxiety disorder?

The worries in social anxiety focus on social performance. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of self-identified shy individuals in the United States meet the criteria for social anxiety disorder?

12% Signup and view all the answers

What may increase the persistence of social anxiety disorder?

Not being employed. Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by fear of negative evaluation but specifically related to speaking?

Selective mutism Signup and view all the answers

What is a common comorbidity with social anxiety disorder in older adults?

Major depressive disorder Signup and view all the answers

In the context of panic disorder, what is one common symptom experienced during an attack?

Sense of unreality. Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals with social anxiety disorder typically respond in social settings?

They may feel uncomfortable even at home or when an attachment figure is present. Signup and view all the answers

What does a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder require regarding functionality?

Significant adverse impacts on various areas of functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder?

Social anxiety disorder is more focused on social performance ratings. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medical conditions can influence the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder?

Medical conditions that cause potentially embarrassing symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the onset of social anxiety disorder compared to other anxiety disorders?

It generally precedes the onset of many other anxiety disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of performance only social anxiety disorder?

Fear of speaking or performing in public Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of social anxiety disorder to meet the diagnostic criteria?

At least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

How does the fear or anxiety manifest in children with social anxiety disorder?

By displaying physical symptoms like trembling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT commonly associated with individuals suffering from social anxiety disorder?

Proficient public speaking skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated 12-month prevalence of social anxiety disorder in the United States?

Approximately 7% Signup and view all the answers

Which age group displays the highest prevalence rates of social anxiety disorder?

Young adolescents aged 13-17 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavioral trait observed in individuals with social anxiety disorder?

Inadequate assertiveness in conversations Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to men, women with social anxiety disorder are more likely to report which of the following?

A greater number of social fears Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic and environmental influence impact social anxiety disorder?

Both genetic and environmental factors significantly influence the disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which behavioral pattern is more common among men with social anxiety disorder?

Usage of alcohol and illicit drugs to relieve symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What does paruresis refer to in the context of social anxiety disorder?

A condition characterized by fear of using public restrooms Signup and view all the answers

What effect does social anxiety disorder typically have on an individual's occupational functioning?

Elevated rates of school dropout and decreased well-being Signup and view all the answers

How do the prevalence rates of social anxiety disorder in older adults differ across regions?

Approximately 2% to 5% in North America, Europe, and Australia Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to contribute to the risk of developing selective mutism?

Exposure to diverse cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary distinguishable feature of selective mutism compared to a typical silent period in young children?

Capacity to speak in some settings Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about specific phobias is true?

Fear is evoked nearly every time the individual encounters the phobic stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered an associated feature of specific phobia?

Significant emotional closeness to the object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common comorbid condition with selective mutism?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about prevalence rates of specific phobia is correct?

Women are affected at a rate of approximately 2:1 compared to men. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least associated with selective mutism?

Persistent anxiety in any situation Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration required for the fear or avoidance associated with specific phobia?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the behavioral response to specific phobia?

Responses exhibit significant avoidance of the phobic stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Selective mutism tends to fade in many cases, but what often remains?

Social anxiety disorder symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about lawful behaviors of children with selective mutism?

They are universally non-verbal across all situations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Phobias is characterized by an intense fear of specific objects or situations?

Specific phobia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the underlying neurological activity associated with specific phobias?

Increased activity in the thalamus and insula Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances.
Fear is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat, while anxiety is anticipation of future threat.
Anxiety disorders are distinct from developmentally normative fear or anxiety by being excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods.
Most anxiety disorders develop in childhood and persist if not treated.
Most anxiety disorders are more common in girls than boys.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures.
The prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in children is estimated to be approximately 4%.
The onset of separation anxiety disorder may be as early as preschool age.
Manifestations of separation anxiety disorder vary with age.
It is important to differentiate separation anxiety disorder from the high value some cultural communities place on strong interdependence among family members.

Selective Mutism

Selective Mutism is a condition where children fail to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations.
Studies suggest an equal gender distribution for selective mutism.
The onset of selective mutism is usually before age 5 years.
Selective mutism is a condition that requires a distinct diagnosis from the typical "silent period" associated with language acquisition in young children.

Specific Phobia

Specific phobia is characterized by marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation.
Prevalence estimates for specific phobia in the United States range from 8% to 12%.
Prevalence estimates in children average approximately 5% across various countries.

Specific Phobia

Prevalence: 3-5% in older individuals, women are affected twice as much as men
Onset: Early childhood, usually before age 10
Factors: May be triggered by traumatic events, observing others experiencing trauma, unexpected panic attacks, or informational transmission
Heritability: 32% for animal phobia, 33% for blood-injury-injection phobia, 25% for situational phobia
Prevalence: Lower in Asian and Latinx individuals compared to non-Latinx Whites and African Americans
Prevalence: Varies across countries; animal, natural environment, and situational phobias are more common in women, blood-injection-injury phobia is equal between men and women
Suicide: Associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts, contributing to 30% of first suicide attempts in 14-24 year olds (Germany study)
Functional Impairment: Similar impairment as other anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, impacting occupational, social, and interpersonal functioning. In older adults, impairment can affect caregiving and volunteer activities

Marked fear or anxiety in social situations where individuals may be scrutinized
Fear of negative evaluation leading to rejection or offense
Persistent fear or avoidance lasting 6 months or more
Can be manifested through various behavioral expressions: crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations
Impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
12-month prevalence: 7% in the United States, lower in other parts of the world
Prevalence: Higher in younger adolescents (13-17 years) and decreases after age 65
Gender: More prevalent in women, particularly in adolescents and young adults
Age at onset: Median age is 13 years, with 75% of individuals starting between 8 and 15 years
Genetic and environmental factors play a significant role
Functional consequences: Increased school dropout, decreased well-being, employment, productivity, socioeconomic status, and quality of life
Impact on relationships: Being single, unmarried, or divorced, having fewer children, particularly in men
Friendship quality: Individuals with social anxiety disorder report less close and less supportive friendships

Panic Disorder

Characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, peaking within minutes
Symptoms: Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, chills, heat sensations, numbness, derealization, depersonalization, fear of losing control, fear of dying
At least one attack followed by 1 month or more of worry about additional attacks, or maladaptive behavioral changes
Prevalence: 1% in United States and Europe
Attack frequency and severity: Varies widely, from moderately frequent to infrequent attacks
Nocturnal panic attacks: Common, occur in 25-33% of individuals with panic disorder
Worry about panic attacks often involves physical concerns, social concerns, and mental functioning concerns
Maladaptive behavioral changes: Avoiding physical exertion, reorganizing daily life, restricting daily activities, avoiding agoraphobia-type situations
Constant or intermittent feelings of anxiety related to health and mental health concerns

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Description

This quiz delves into the characteristics and types of anxiety disorders, including specifics on separation anxiety disorder. Learn about the emotional responses associated with fear and anxiety, and the prevalence of these disorders in children. Test your understanding of the developmental aspects and distinctions of these mental health conditions.