Anxiety and Phobias Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which type of mood disorder is associated with chronic anger and irritability in children?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (correct)

Bipolar Mood Disorder

Unipolar Mood Disorder

What characterizes Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?

Clinically significant emotional problems during the premenstrual phase (correct)

Episodes of mania without depressive symptoms

Severe mood swings during menopause

Permanent mood alterations due to hormonal imbalance

What describes Bipolar Disorder?

Stable mood where depression is only experienced

Continuous depressive episodes without mania

Severe mood disruption only during premenstrual phases

Alternating episodes of mania and major depression (correct)

Which is NOT a type of antidepressant listed?

Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of Unipolar Mood Disorder?

Experiencing only depression Signup and view all the answers

How does Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ERP) function in treatment?

By actively preventing rituals while exposing the patient to feared thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of adjustment disorder?

Development of anxiety or depression due to non-traumatic stressful life events Signup and view all the answers

What describes the behavior of children with reactive attachment disorder?

They are emotionally withdrawn and unable to form attachment Signup and view all the answers

What is body dysmorphic disorder commonly known as?

Dysmorphophobia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of hoarding disorder?

An obsession with cleanliness and organization Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for body dysmorphic disorder?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy similar to that for OCD Signup and view all the answers

Disinhibited social engagement disorder in children is characterized by:

Inappropriate approaches to strangers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about anxiety and depression in the context of stress is false?

Anxiety and depression are always due to traumatic events Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes somatic symptom disorder?

Focus on physical symptoms causing significant distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is also known as Briquet’s syndrome?

Somatic Symptom Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conversion disorder from other types of disorders?

Symptoms occurring without identifiable physical causes Signup and view all the answers

What term is no longer part of the DSM-5 that refers to a fear of having a serious illness?

Hypochondriasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines factitious disorder?

Feigning illness for psychological reasons Signup and view all the answers

What was the original basis of the term Munchausen syndrome?

A fictional character known for lying Signup and view all the answers

Illness anxiety disorder primarily involves which kind of response to health concerns?

Overreaction to minor symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge in differentiating conversion disorder from physical disorders?

Difficulties due to lacking identifiable physical problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of selective mutism?

Inconsistent speaking across different settings Signup and view all the answers

Which type of phobia involves fear of enclosed places?

Situational phobia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional response in patients with blood-injection-injury phobia?

Vasovagal response causing fainting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders focuses on avoiding thoughts of past traumatic experiences?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of natural environment phobias?

Fear of heights, storms, and water Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to vulnerability in individuals with blood phobia?

Genetic predisposition combined with anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a key element of phobia treatment?

Structured exposure-based exercises Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly seen in children with selective mutism?

Social anxiety leading to lack of speech in specific contexts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of persistent depressive disorder found in individuals?

Long-term unchanging symptoms of mild depression Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Bipolar I disorder from Bipolar II disorder?

Full mania and major depression Signup and view all the answers

Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of out-of-control eating followed by attempts to purge?

Bulimia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of individuals diagnosed with binge-eating disorder (BED)?

They experience distress but do not purge Signup and view all the answers

During the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, which of the following is a likely symptom?

Feeling worthless and hopeless Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)?

Minimally consuming food due to lack of interest Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bipolar disorder is described as chronic with mild depression and mild mania?

Cyclothymia Signup and view all the answers

What technique is often used by individuals with bulimia nervosa to manage their eating episodes?

Self-induced vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phobias

Treatment of phobias focuses on consistent and structured exposure-based exercises
Blood-Injection-Injury phobia: patients often inherit a strong vasovagal response
Situational Phobias: Fear of public transportation or enclosed places.
Natural Environment Phobias: Examples include fear of heights, storms and water.
Selective Mutism (SM): A rare childhood disorder characterized by lacking speech in certain settings.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A disorder that focuses on avoiding thoughts and images of a traumatic experience.

Anxiety Disorders

Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ERP): A process to prevent rituals and systematically and gradually expose people to feared thoughts or situations
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Obsessive preoccupation with imagined physical flaws or defects.
Hoarding Disorder: Characterized by excessive accumulation of possessions even when the objects have little or no value.

Adjustment Disorders: Anxiety and depression develop in response to stressful, but not traumatic, life events.
Attachment Disorders: A pattern of disturbing, developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children under 5 years of age.
Reactive Attachment Disorder: Children are inhibited and emotionally withdrawn, unable to form attachment with caregivers.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder: Children inappropriately approach strangers and act as if they have formed a strong loving relationship with them.

Somatic Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorder: Characterized by a focus on one or more physical symptoms that causes distress, anxiety and disproportionately affects daily life.
Illness Anxiety Disorder: (Previously known as Hypochondriasis) A condition characterized by excessive worry about having a serious illness.
Conversion Disorder: Characterized by physical malfunction without a physical cause such as paralysis.
Factitious Disorder: Also known as Münchhausen Syndrome: A condition in which individuals fake illness to gain attention or medical care.
Suicide: Associated with mood disorders, it can also occur in their absence or in the presence of other disorders.

Mood Disorders

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Clinically significant emotional problems during a woman's premenstrual phase of the reproductive cycle.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: A condition in which children have chronic negative moods, such as anger and irritability, without accompanying mania.
Bipolar Disorders (Manic-Depressive Illness): Characterized by alternating periods of manic episodes and major depressive episodes.
- Bipolar I: Characterized by major depression and full mania.
- Bipolar II: Characterized by major depression and mild mania.
- Cyclothymia: Characterized by mild depression and mild mania, and it is chronic and long-term.
Unipolar Mood Disorder: Experiencing either depression or mania.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Long-term unchanging symptoms of mild depression, sometimes lasting 20 to 30 years.
Double Depression: Experiencing alternating periods of major depression and dysthymia.

Treatments for Mood Disorders

Common Antidepressant Types:
- Tricyclics (Tofranil, Elavil)
- Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs (Provac, Zoloft)
- Lithium
Therapies for Mood Disorders:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Eating Disorders

Bulimia Nervosa: Characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting.
Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by minimal food intake, excessive exercise for weight loss, and dangerously low body weight.
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED): Characterized by frequent binge eating without attempts to purge the food.
Avoidant/RestrictiveFood Intake Disorder (ARFID): Characterized by limiting food intake due to lack of interest in eating, sensory sensitivities, or fear of consequences of eating.
Purging Techniques: Self-induced vomiting as a way to compensate for binge eating and potential weight gain.

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Description

Explore key concepts related to anxiety disorders and various phobias in this quiz. Understand treatment methods, specific phobias, and associated disorders such as PTSD and hoarding. Test your knowledge on how these conditions affect individuals and the approaches used in therapy.