Antiviral Drugs and Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them difficult to target with drugs?

  • They always cause immediate symptoms.
  • They have a cell wall and a cell membrane.
  • They lack both a cell wall and a cell membrane. (correct)
  • They carry out their own metabolic processes.

    • Why is it often difficult to treat viral diseases effectively?

  • Because symptoms appear immediately after infection.
  • Because antiviral drugs are always effective.
  • Because viruses are easily eliminated from the body.
  • Because clinical symptoms appear late in the course of the disease. (correct)

    • What is the purpose of some antiviral agents?

  • To prevent viral replication.
  • To cause symptoms to appear earlier.
  • To act as prophylactic agents. (correct)
  • To treat viral diseases after symptoms appear.

    • Which of the following viruses can be treated with oseltamivir?

    <p>Influenza A and B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is zanamivir administered?

    <p>Inhaled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of viral infections do antiviral drugs targeting Hepatic Viral Infections belong to?

    <p>II. For Hepatic Viral Infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of acyclovir?

    <p>Therapy for genital herpes infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting acyclovir into its monophosphate form?

    <p>Thymidine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to acyclovir triphosphate in viral DNA?

    <p>It terminates DNA chain synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration does not distribute acyclovir well throughout the body?

    <p>Topical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to acyclovir in patients with renal failure?

    <p>It accumulates in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of valacyclovir over acyclovir?

    <p>It has greater oral bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cidofovir?

    <p>Inhibiting viral DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for cidofovir therapy?

    <p>Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when administering cidofovir?

    <p>Renal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coadministering probenecid with cidofovir?

    <p>To reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of resistance to foscarnet?

    <p>Mutation of the viral polymerase structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration of cidofovir?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Foscarnet must be administered intravenously?

    <p>It is poorly absorbed orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Ganciclovir?

    <p>Inhibiting viral DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination of Foscarnet?

    <p>Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering Ganciclovir to transplant patients?

    <p>For CMV prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Foscarnet's accumulation in the bone matrix?

    <p>It slowly disperses into the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using Valganciclovir over Ganciclovir?

    <p>It is administered orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rapid hydrolysis in the intestine and liver after oral administration of valganciclovir?

    <p>It leads to high levels of ganciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of ganciclovir?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of penciclovir?

    <p>It inhibits HSV DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of penciclovir triphosphate?

    <p>It has a longer intracellular half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active metabolite of famciclovir?

    <p>Penciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural similarity of trifluridine?

    <p>Thymidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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