30 Questions
What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them difficult to target with drugs?
They lack both a cell wall and a cell membrane.
Why is it often difficult to treat viral diseases effectively?
Because clinical symptoms appear late in the course of the disease.
What is the purpose of some antiviral agents?
To act as prophylactic agents.
Which of the following viruses can be treated with oseltamivir?
Influenza A and B.
How is zanamivir administered?
Inhaled.
What category of viral infections do antiviral drugs targeting Hepatic Viral Infections belong to?
II. For Hepatic Viral Infections.
What is the primary use of acyclovir?
Therapy for genital herpes infections
Which enzyme is responsible for converting acyclovir into its monophosphate form?
Thymidine kinase
What happens to acyclovir triphosphate in viral DNA?
It terminates DNA chain synthesis
Which route of administration does not distribute acyclovir well throughout the body?
Topical
What happens to acyclovir in patients with renal failure?
It accumulates in the body
What is the advantage of valacyclovir over acyclovir?
It has greater oral bioavailability
What is the mechanism of action of cidofovir?
Inhibiting viral DNA synthesis
What is the primary indication for cidofovir therapy?
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS
What is the primary concern when administering cidofovir?
Renal toxicity
What is the purpose of coadministering probenecid with cidofovir?
To reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity
What is the mechanism of resistance to foscarnet?
Mutation of the viral polymerase structure
What is the route of administration of cidofovir?
Intravenous
What is the main reason why Foscarnet must be administered intravenously?
It is poorly absorbed orally
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ganciclovir?
Inhibiting viral DNA polymerase
What is the primary route of elimination of Foscarnet?
Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
What is the purpose of administering Ganciclovir to transplant patients?
For CMV prophylaxis
What is the consequence of Foscarnet's accumulation in the bone matrix?
It slowly disperses into the plasma
What is the advantage of using Valganciclovir over Ganciclovir?
It is administered orally
What is the effect of rapid hydrolysis in the intestine and liver after oral administration of valganciclovir?
It leads to high levels of ganciclovir
What is a common adverse effect of ganciclovir?
Neutropenia
What is the mechanism of action of penciclovir?
It inhibits HSV DNA polymerase
What is the advantage of penciclovir triphosphate?
It has a longer intracellular half-life
What is the active metabolite of famciclovir?
Penciclovir
What is the structural similarity of trifluridine?
Thymidine
Learn about the challenges of antiviral therapy, including the biology of viruses and their reliance on host cells. Understand how viruses use host metabolic machinery and the difficulties of developing selective drugs that target viral replication without harming host cells.
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