Antiviral Drugs and Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them difficult to target with drugs?

  • They always cause immediate symptoms.
  • They have a cell wall and a cell membrane.
  • They lack both a cell wall and a cell membrane. (correct)
  • They carry out their own metabolic processes.

Why is it often difficult to treat viral diseases effectively?

  • Because symptoms appear immediately after infection.
  • Because antiviral drugs are always effective.
  • Because viruses are easily eliminated from the body.
  • Because clinical symptoms appear late in the course of the disease. (correct)

What is the purpose of some antiviral agents?

  • To prevent viral replication.
  • To cause symptoms to appear earlier.
  • To act as prophylactic agents. (correct)
  • To treat viral diseases after symptoms appear.

Which of the following viruses can be treated with oseltamivir?

<p>Influenza A and B. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is zanamivir administered?

<p>Inhaled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category of viral infections do antiviral drugs targeting Hepatic Viral Infections belong to?

<p>II. For Hepatic Viral Infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of acyclovir?

<p>Therapy for genital herpes infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting acyclovir into its monophosphate form?

<p>Thymidine kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to acyclovir triphosphate in viral DNA?

<p>It terminates DNA chain synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration does not distribute acyclovir well throughout the body?

<p>Topical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to acyclovir in patients with renal failure?

<p>It accumulates in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of valacyclovir over acyclovir?

<p>It has greater oral bioavailability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cidofovir?

<p>Inhibiting viral DNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for cidofovir therapy?

<p>Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering cidofovir?

<p>Renal toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coadministering probenecid with cidofovir?

<p>To reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance to foscarnet?

<p>Mutation of the viral polymerase structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration of cidofovir?

<p>Intravenous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why Foscarnet must be administered intravenously?

<p>It is poorly absorbed orally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Ganciclovir?

<p>Inhibiting viral DNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of elimination of Foscarnet?

<p>Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering Ganciclovir to transplant patients?

<p>For CMV prophylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Foscarnet's accumulation in the bone matrix?

<p>It slowly disperses into the plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Valganciclovir over Ganciclovir?

<p>It is administered orally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rapid hydrolysis in the intestine and liver after oral administration of valganciclovir?

<p>It leads to high levels of ganciclovir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of ganciclovir?

<p>Neutropenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of penciclovir?

<p>It inhibits HSV DNA polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of penciclovir triphosphate?

<p>It has a longer intracellular half-life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active metabolite of famciclovir?

<p>Penciclovir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural similarity of trifluridine?

<p>Thymidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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